Android NDK, Revision 8b 發布

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Revisions

The sections below provide information and notes about successive releases ofthe NDK, as denoted by revision number.

Android NDK, Revision 8b
(July 2012)

The main features of this release are a new GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.6 toolchain andGNU Debugger (GDB) 7.3.x which adds debugging support for the Android 4.1 (API Level 16) systemimage.

Important bug fixes:

• Fixed LOCAL_SHORT_COMMANDS issues on Mac OS, Windows Cygwin environments forstatic libraries. List file generation is faster, and it is not regenerated to avoid repeatedproject rebuilds.
• Fixed several issues in ndk-gdb:
  • Updated tool to pass flags -e, -d and -s to adb moreconsistently.
  • Updated tool to accept device serial names containing spaces.
  • Updated tool to retrieve /system/bin/link information, so
gdb onthe host can set a breakpoint in __dl_rtld_db_dlactivity and be aware of linker activity(e.g., rescan
    solib symbols when dlopen() is called).
• Fixed ndk-build clean on Windows, which was failing to remove./libs/*/lib*.so.
• Fixed ndk-build.cmd to return a non-zero ERRORLEVEL when
  makefails.
• Fixed libc.so to stop incorrectly exporting the __exidx_start and__exidx_end symbols.
• Fixed SEGV when unwinding the stack past __libc_init for ARM andMIPS.

Important changes:

• Added GCC 4.6 toolchain (binutils 2.21 with gold and GDB 7.3.x) toco-exist with the original GCC 4.4.3 toolchain (binutils 2.19 and GDB 6.6).
  • GCC 4.6 is now the default toolchain. You may set NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.4.3 in
    Application.mk to select the original one.
  • Support for the gold linker is only available for ARM and x86architectures on Linux and Mac OS hosts. This support is disabled by default. Add
    LOCAL_LDLIBS += -fuse-ld=gold in Android.mk to enable it.
  • Programs compiled with -fPIE require the new GDB for debugging,including binaries in Android 4.1 (API Level 16) system images.
  • The binutils 2.21 ld tool contains back-ported fixes fromversion 2.22:
    • Fixed ld --gc-sections, which incorrectly retains zombie references toexternal libraries. (moreinfo).
    • Fixed ARM strip command to preserve the original p_align andp_flags in
      GNU_RELRO section if they are valid. Without this fix, programsbuilt with
      -fPIE could not be debugged. (more info)
  • Disabled sincos() optimization for compatibility with older platforms.
• Updated build options to enable the Never eXecute (NX) bit and relro/bind_now protections by default:
  • Added --noexecstack to assembler and -z noexecstack to linkerthat provides NX protection against buffer overflow attacks by enabling NX bit on stack andheap.
  • Added -z relro and -z now to linker for hardening of internaldata sections after linking to guard against security vulnerabilities caused by memory corruption.(more info:
    1,2)
  • These features can be disabled using the following options:
    1. Disable NX protection by setting the --execstack option for theassembler and
       -z execstack for the linker.
    2. Disable hardening of internal data by setting the -z norelro and-z lazy options for the linker.
    3. Disable these protections in the NDK jni/Android.mk by setting thefollowing options:

       LOCAL_DISABLE_NO_EXECUTE=true  # disable "--noexecstack" and "-z noexecstack"DISABLE_RELRO=true             # disable "-z relro" and "-z now"

    See docs/ANDROID-MK.html for more details.

• Added branding for Android executables with the .note.ABI-tag section (incrtbegin_static/dynamic.o) so that debugging tools can act accordingly. The structuremember and values are defined as follows:

  static const struct {  int32_t namesz;  /* = 4,  sizeof ("GNU") */  int32_t descsz;  /* = 6 * sizeof(int32_t) */  int32_t type;    /* = 1 */  char  name[sizeof "GNU"];  /* = "GNU" */  int32_t os;      /* = 0 */  int32_t major;   /* = 2 */  int32_t minor;   /* = 6 */  int32_t teeny;   /* = 15 */  int32_t os_variant;  /* = 1 */  int32_t android_api; /* = 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 14 */}

Other bug fixes:

• Fixed mips-linux-gnu relocation truncated to fit R_MIPS_TLS_LDM issue. (more info)
• Fixed ld tool segfaults when using --gc-sections. (more info)
• Fixed MIPS GOT_PAGE counting issue. (more info)
• Fixed follow warning symbol link for mips_elf_count_got_symbols.
• Fixed follow warning symbol link for mips_elf_allocate_lazy_stub.
• Moved MIPS .dynamic to the data segment, so that it is writable.
• Replaced hard-coded values for symbols with correct segment sizes for MIPS.
• Removed the -mno-shared option from the defaults in the MIPS toolchain.The default for Android toolchain is
  -fPIC (or -fpic if supported). If you do notexplicitly specify
  -mshared, -fpic, -fPIC, -fpie, or
  -fPIE,the MIPS compiler adds -mno-shared that turns off PIC. Fixed compiler not to add-mno-shared in this case.
• Fixed wrong package names in samples hello-jni and two-libs so thatthe
  tests project underneath it can compile.

Other Changes:

• Changed locations of binaries:
  • Moved gdbserver fromtoolchain/<arch-os-ver>/prebuilt/gdbserver toprebuilt/android-<arch>/gdbserver/gdbserver.
  • Renamed x86 toolchain prefix from i686-android-linux- toi686-linux-android-.
  • Moved sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/include and lib tosources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.6 when compiled with GCC 4.6, orsources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.4.3 when compiled with GCC 4.4.3.
  • Moved libbfd.a and libintl.a from lib/ to
    lib32/.
• Added and improved various scripts in the rebuild and test NDK toolchain:
  • Added build-mingw64-toolchain.sh to generate a new Linux-hosted toolchainthat generates Win32 and Win64 executables.
  • Improved speed of download-toolchain-sources.sh by using the
clone command and only using checkout for the directories that are needed to build the NDKtoolchain binaries.
  • Added build-host-gcc.sh and build-host-gdb.sh scripts.
  • Added tests/check-release.sh to check the content of a given NDKinstallation directory, or an existing NDK package.
  • Rewrote the tests/standalone/run.sh standalone tests .
• Removed if_dl.h header from all platforms and architectures. The
  AF_LINK and sockaddr_dl elements it describes are specific to BSD (i.e., they don't existin Linux).