標籤:ccsp 思科安全 asa
網域名稱DNSASA1(config)# hostname ASA1ASA1(config)# domain-name java.localASA1(config)# show running-config dns dns domain-lookup DMZ //dns解析都從DMZ口出去 DNS server-group DefaultDNS name-server 192.168.15.200 //這兩條可直接在全域下敲 dns + .... domain-name java.local時間ASA1(config)# clock timezone GMT +8 //設定時區 +8表示東8區ASA1(config)# clock set 10:26:00 Jun 10 2016 //設定時間ASA1(config)# show clock 10:27:05.239 GMT Fri Jun 10 2016NTP同步(client)ASA1(config)# show running-config ntp ntp authentication-key 1 md5 cisco ntp authenticate ntp trusted-key 1 ntp server 192.168.12.100 key 1 source DMZASA檔案系統ASA1(config)# dir /all //虛擬機器只能看見asdm disk0:/asa842-k8.bin //boot system 可選的系統 disk0:/asdm-731.bin //asdm image asdm鏡像 disk0:/boot.cfg //cfg 啟動設定檔 runningconfig 和start 不可見ASA1(config)# boot system disk0:/asa842-k8.binASA1(config)# asdm image disk0:/asdm-731.binASA1(config)# copy running-config disk0:/boot.cfg //將running儲存到指定檔案ASA1(config)# boot config disk0:/boot.cfg //指定啟動載入的設定檔
日誌系統
可發送給:console;ASDM;Monitor;Buffer;Syslog;SNMP Trap;Email;NetFlow
日誌的格式及訊息等級:
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logging預設關閉logging enablelogging console 7 //表示將等級7(全部資訊)發送到console口 取消加nologging buffered 7 //存入緩衝logging asdm informational //發給ASDM等級6的日誌ASA1(config)# show running-config logging logging enablelogging trap debugging // 發送指定記錄層級(可自訂一個列表)**logging list locketest level information class ospf //定義一個ospf的列表**logging trap debugging //發送locketestlogging message 503001 level alerts //將來自503001的資訊等級設定為1no logging message 503001 //禁用日誌503001logging host DMZ 192.168.12.1 //指定出介面Log Service器(syslogserver)IP地址
排錯工具Packet Tracer
Packet Tracer類比一個資料包穿越ASA的資料通道,並跟蹤ASA對該資料包的整個處理過程
ASA1(config)# packet-tracer input dmZ icmp 192.168.12.100 8 0 192.168.12.139 Phase: 1 //查看路由Type: ROUTE-LOOKUPSubtype: Resolve Egress InterfaceResult: ALLOWConfig:Additional Information:in 192.168.12.139 255.255.255.255 identityPhase: 2Type: ACCESS-LISTSubtype: Result: ALLOWConfig:Implicit RuleAdditional Information:Phase: 3Type: NATSubtype: per-sessionResult: ALLOWConfig:Additional Information:Phase: 4 //查看ip的options欄位,防火牆預設不允許帶options的ip包Type: IP-OPTIONSSubtype: Result: ALLOWConfig:Additional Information:Phase: 5Type: CLUSTER-REDIRECTSubtype: cluster-redirectResult: ALLOWConfig:Additional Information:Phase: 6Type: INSPECTSubtype: np-inspectResult: ALLOWConfig:Additional Information:Phase: 7Type: INSPECTSubtype: np-inspectResult: ALLOWConfig: Additional Information:Phase: 8Type: FLOW-CREATIONSubtype: Result: ALLOWConfig:Additional Information:New flow created with id 33, packet dispatched to next moduleResult:input-interface: DMZinput-status: upinput-line-status: upoutput-interface: NP Identity Ifcoutput-status: upoutput-line-status: upAction: allow
抓包
ASA1(config)# capture test interface dmz ASA1(config)# no capture test interface dmz //停止抓包ASA1(config)# no capture test //刪除包ASA1(config)# show capture test23 packets captured 1: 13:34:41.259263 192.168.12.139.514 > 192.168.12.1.514: udp 88 2: 13:34:41.259340 192.168.12.139.514 > 192.168.12.1.514: udp 107 .......................... 23: 13:35:17.952999 192.168.12.139.514 > 192.168.12.1.514: udp 94 23 packets shown
配置帶外網管口
介面下ASA1(config-if)# security-level 100 //建議設安全層級最高ASA1(config-if)# management-only //只用於網管
Telnet網管
啟用Telnet網管ASA1(config)# telnet 192.168.17.100 255.255.255.255 inside //允許來著inside口的指定ipTelnetASA1(config)# telnet 0 0 DMZ //允許來自DMZ口的所有Telnet串連註:不允許介面層級最低的Telnet進入ASA1(config)# passwd cisco //登入要求輸入密碼ASA1(config)# enable password 502ASA1(config)# username admin password cisco privilege 15 //也可用本機使用者認證ASA1(config)# aaa authentication telnet console LOCAL //在Telnet登入應用本地登入
SSH網管
ASA1(config)# show running-config dns //先配好網域名稱dns domain-lookup DMZDNS server-group DefaultDNS name-server 192.168.12.100 domain-name java.local ASA1(config)# crypto key generate rsa modulus 1024 //為SSH加密會話產生加密金鑰ASA1(config)# ssh 192.168.17.100 255.255.255.255 inside //允許接入ASA1(config)# aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL //ssh用aaa的本地認證ASA1(config)# ssh 0 0 DMZ 註:遠程不能用Telnet,必須用ssh
建立本地管理帳號
ASA1(config)# username admin attributes //設定名為admin賬戶的屬性ASA1(config-username)# service-type ? //設定服務類型(不設定的話什麼都能用)username mode commands/options: admin User is allowed access to the configuration prompt. //允許進config nas-prompt User is allowed access to the exec prompt. //低許可權 不能進config remote-access User is allowed network access. //只能遠程 aaa authentication enable console LOCAL //這兩句可讓service-type生效aaa authorization exec LOCALR3#ssh -l admin 192.168.12.100 //登入
HTTPS網管
ASA1(config)# http server enableASA1(config)# http 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 DMZASA1(config)# aaa authentication http console LOCAL ASA1(config)# username cisco password cisco privilege 15 //許可權必須要15級只能使用ASDMASA需要一個伺服器的認證(預設是ASA自我簽署憑證——一般會報錯)客戶認證:任何密碼 AAA的單次密碼 認證認證+單次密碼
SNMP
v1/v2c/v3 SNMPV3才有加密認證功能。認證包括MD5 or SHA,加密包括DES or RSA
ASA1(config)# snmp-server group group001 v3 priv //建立組ASA1(config)# snmp-server user admin group001 v3 auth md5 cisco privde des Cisco //帳號admin 屬於group001組 版本v3 認證md5密碼是Cisco 加密des密碼CiscoASA1(config)# snmp-server host dmZ 192.168.12.1 version 3 admin //v1 v2 把version 3 換成comunit ASA1(config)# snmp-server location beijing //用於說明的(非必須)ASA1(config)# snmp-server contact xiaomingASA1(config)# snmp-server enable traps snmp ? //允許trap snmp一些資訊configure mode commands/options: authentication Enable authentication trap coldstart Enable coldStart trap linkdown Enable linkDown trap linkup Enable linkUp trap warmstart Enable warmstart trap <cr>
認證管理訪問
ASA1(config)# aaa-server aaaname protocol ? //定義要用的協議和名字configure mode commands/options: http-form Protocol HTTP form-based kerberos Protocol Kerberos ldap Protocol LDAP radius Protocol RADIUS sdi Protocol SDI tacacs+ Protocol TACACS+ASA1(config)# aaa-server aaaname (DMZ) host 192.168.12.100 cisco //定義伺服器位置和key—cisco在ssh上用AAAASA1(config)# aaa authentication ssh console aaaname LOCAL 註:記得no aaa authentication exec LOCAL 若要做本地授權則在本地設定一個和證明伺服器上相同使用者名稱密碼的帳號: ASA1(config)# username test1 password cisco privilege 15
自我簽署憑證
本文出自 “Try” 部落格,請務必保留此出處http://beening.blog.51cto.com/9079117/1787927
ASA基本命令_02