C# 對象持久化圖文代碼詳解

本文介紹的是除資料庫之外的幾種對象持久化方式。具有很好的參考價值，下面跟著小編一起來看下吧

對象持久化是指將記憶體中的對象儲存到可永久儲存的存放裝置中（如磁碟）的一種技術。

本文介紹的是除資料庫之外的幾種對象持久化方式。

具體如下：

1. 儲存成文本：即將記憶體對象以位元組流的方式儲存到文本中。

2. 序列化成Xml:即將對象以Xml的格式儲存。

3. 序列化成Json:即將對象序列化成Json對象，然後儲存。

4. 序列化成二進位：即將對象序列化成二進位位元組流儲存到檔案中。

涉及知識點：

1. 序列化與還原序列化

2. 檔案流的讀寫

3. ListView顯示複選框，並橫向排列

如所示【主要功能是將使用者輸入的資訊儲存成各種格式，並從各個文檔中進行讀取出來】：

儲存和讀取文字文件代碼如下：

/// <summary>  /// 儲存成文本  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnSaveTxt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   Dictionary<string, string> dicInfos = GetDictionaryInfos();   string filePath = "objPerson.txt";   //採用using關鍵字，會自動釋放   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))   {    using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, Encoding.Default))    {     foreach (var keyPair in dicInfos)     {      sw.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}={1}", keyPair.Key, keyPair.Value));     }    }   }  }  /// <summary>  /// 從文本中讀取  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnReadTxt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   string filePath = "objPerson.txt";   Dictionary<string, string> dic = new Dictionary<string, string>();   //採用using關鍵字，會自動釋放   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))   {    using (StreamReader sw = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Default))    {     while (!sw.EndOfStream) {      string lineInfo = sw.ReadLine();      dic.Add(lineInfo.Split('=')[0], lineInfo.Split('=')[1]);     }    }   }   this.txtName.Text = dic["Name"];   this.dtBirthday.Text = dic["Birthday"];   if (dic["Gender"] == this.rbBoy.Text)   {    this.rbBoy.Checked = true;   }   else {    this.rbGirl.Checked = true;   }   string[] loves = dic["Love"].Split('|');   foreach (var love in loves)   {    foreach (var item in this.lsvLove.Items)    {     ListViewItem li = item as ListViewItem;     if (li.Text == love)     {      li.Checked = true;     }    }   }  }

儲存和讀取Xml文檔代碼如下：

/// <summary>  /// 儲存成Xml  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnSaveXml_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   Person p = GetPersonInfos();   string filePath = "objPerson.xml";   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))   {    XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));    serializer.Serialize(fs, p);   }  }  /// <summary>  /// 從Xml中讀取  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnReadXml_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   string filePath = "objPerson.xml";   Person p;   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))   {    XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));    object obj= serializer.Deserialize(fs);    p = obj as Person;   }   SetPersonInfos(p);  }

儲存和讀取Json文檔如下：

/// <summary>  /// 儲存成Json  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnSaveJson_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   Person p = GetPersonInfos();   JavaScriptSerializer jserializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();   string strJson = jserializer.Serialize(p);   string strRegex = @"\\/Date\((\d+)\)\\/";   MatchEvaluator evaluator = new MatchEvaluator(ConvertJsonDateToDateString);   //對時間進行處理，需要引用System.Text.RegularExpressions;命名空間   Regex reg = new Regex(strRegex);   strJson = reg.Replace(strJson, evaluator);   string filePath = "objPerson.json";   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))   {    using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, Encoding.Default))    {     sw.Write(strJson);    }   }  }  /// <summary>  /// 從Json中讀取  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnReadJson_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   JavaScriptSerializer jserializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();   string filePath = "objPerson.json";   Person p;   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))   {    using (StreamReader sw = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Default))    {     string strJson = sw.ReadToEnd();     string strRegex = @"\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}";     MatchEvaluator evaluator = new MatchEvaluator(ConvertDateStringToJsonDate); //對時間進行處理     Regex reg = new Regex(strRegex);     strJson = reg.Replace(strJson, evaluator);     p = jserializer.Deserialize<Person>(strJson);    }   }   SetPersonInfos(p);  }

儲存和讀取Bin文檔如下：

/// <summary>  /// 儲存成二進位檔案  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnSaveBin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   Person p = GetPersonInfos();   string filePath = "objPerson.bin";   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create)) {    BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();    bf.Serialize(fs, p);   }  }  /// <summary>  /// 讀取二進位檔案  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnReadBin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   string filePath = "objPerson.bin";   Person p;   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))   {    BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();    p= bf.Deserialize(fs) as Person;   }   SetPersonInfos(p);  }

備忘：其實對象持久化和對象序列化是兩個不同的概念。兩者有關聯卻不同。

對象持久化：是使對象可以儲存到實體儲存介質中，在對象生命週期結束後可以再現。

對象序列化：是將對象或者資料結構轉化成特定的格式，使其可在網路中傳輸，或者可儲存在記憶體或者檔案中。

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