CentOS VPS新手教程（3）YUM源配置

CentOS VPS新手教程（3）YUM源配置 在伺服器上，可能需要安裝許多軟體。如果要搭建一個部落格，通常需要一個支援PHP的web伺服器，如Apache，Nginx等，還需要一個關係型資料庫，如MySQL。 安裝這一些類的軟體可能需要很長的時間，其中涉及到很多配置、初始化、依賴的問題，還有可能需要自己編譯某些軟體。我們可以通過使用CentOS中內建的YUM包管理軟體方管理安裝的軟體，使軟體的安裝、更新和刪除方便了不少。（各個Linux發行版通常都帶有各自的包管理軟體，如Ubuntu的apt） YUM的對於軟體的管理依賴於設定檔中設定的YUM源，這些YUM源通常是由某些公司、組織管理的。我們可以通過這些源來找尋我們需要安裝的軟體。 添加YUM源一般CentOS VPS都內建了一些預設的YUM源，可以通過查看/etc/yum.repos.d/目錄， 1$ ls /etc/yum.repos.d/來查看預設有那些源。其中，每一個*.repo檔案都表示某個YUM源，檔案中描述了該源的名稱、地址、是否啟動、校正等資訊。 可以通過在該目錄下添加一個自己的*.repo檔案來增加一個源。 下面是我的源： CentOS-Base.repo 01# CentOS-Base.repo02#03# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the04# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and05# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates06# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.07#08# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the09# remarked out baseurl= line instead.10#11#12 13[base]14name=CentOS-$releasever - Base15mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os16#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/17gpgcheck=118enabled=119gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-520 21#released updates22[updates]23name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates24mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates25#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/26gpgcheck=127enabled=128gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-529 30#additional packages that may be useful31[extras]32name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras33mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras34#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/35gpgcheck=136enabled=137gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-538 39#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages40[centosplus]41name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus42mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus43#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/44gpgcheck=145enabled=046gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-547 48#contrib - packages by Centos Users49[contrib]50name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib51mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib52#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/53gpgcheck=154enabled=0如果你是教育網IPv6環境（IPv4亦可）的，可以添加清華大學開源鏡像站的源，速度很快 tsinghua.repo 01[base]02name=CentOS-6 - Base03repo=os04baseurl=http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/6.4/os/$basearch/05gpgcheck=106gpgkey=http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-607 08[update]09name=CentOS-6 - Updates10baseurl=http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/6.4/updates/$basearch/11gpgcheck=112gpgkey=http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-613 14[extras]15name=CentOS-6 - Extras16baseurl=http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/6.4/extras/$basearch/17gpgcheck=118gpgkey=http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-619 20[centosplus]21name=CentOS-6 - Plus22baseurl=http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/6.4/centosplus/$basearch/23gpgcheck=124enabled=025gpgkey=http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-626 27[contrib]28name=CentOS-6 - Contrib29baseurl=http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/6.4/contrib/$basearch/30gpgcheck=131enabled=032gpgkey=http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6添加完YUM後，更新yum， 1# yum check-update這樣就完成了YUM源的添加。 安裝軟體包例如，安裝git，則運行如下命令， 1# yum install git 更新軟體包可以通過先檢查更新，在根據返回的所需更新軟體包進行更新操作。 1# yum check-update如返回以下更新資訊， 1<span>java-1.7.0-openjdk.i386    1:1.7.0.25-2.3.10.4.el5_9    updates</span>則表示openjdk1.7有更新，運行如下命令進行更新， 1# yum update java-1.7.0-openjdk.i386刪除軟體包例如，刪除git，則運行， 1# yum delete git