MongoDB常用命令,mongodb

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MongoDB常用命令,mongodb

        首先我們先安裝這個資料庫,你可以使用windows或者linux,但推薦使用的是linux,我使用的是ubuntu12.04.在下方的網址中共可以下載,基本都是64位的系統。如果位linux系統也可以使用命令列安裝,我就是使用sudo apt-get install mongodb。

https://www.mongodb.org/downloads

         MongoDB 由 databases 組成,databases 由 collections 組成,collections 由documents(相當於行)組成,而 documents 有 fields(相當於列)組成。


help

        最開始應該介紹的就是help函數,學習一個東西最好的文檔就是官方文檔,下面我會給出幾個指令的執行過程。最基本的形式就是db.help(),也可以在中間加上資料庫的名稱如db.douban.help()。

> db.help()DB methods:db.addUser(username, password[, readOnly=false])db.auth(username, password)db.cloneDatabase(fromhost)db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the commanddb.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost)db.createCollection(name, { size : ..., capped : ..., max : ... } )db.currentOp() displays the current operation in the dbdb.dropDatabase()db.eval(func, args) run code server-sidedb.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cnamedb.getCollectionNames()db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg stringdb.getLastErrorObj() - return full status objectdb.getMongo() get the server connection objectdb.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow this connection to read from the nonmaster member of a replica pairdb.getName()db.getPrevError()db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecateddb.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold db.getReplicationInfo()db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this onedb.isMaster() check replica primary statusdb.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the dbdb.listCommands() lists all the db commandsdb.logout()db.printCollectionStats()db.printReplicationInfo()db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()db.printShardingStatus()db.removeUser(username)db.repairDatabase()db.resetError()db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command.  if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj : 1 }db.serverStatus()db.setProfilingLevel(level,<slowms>) 0=off 1=slow 2=alldb.shutdownServer()db.stats()db.version() current version of the serverdb.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow queries on a replication slave serverdb.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backupsdb.fsyncUnock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock()

> db.douban.help()DBCollection helpdb.douban.find().help() - show DBCursor helpdb.douban.count()db.douban.dataSize()db.douban.distinct( key ) - eg. db.douban.distinct( 'x' )db.douban.drop() drop the collectiondb.douban.dropIndex(name)db.douban.dropIndexes()db.douban.ensureIndex(keypattern[,options]) - options is an object with these possible fields: name, unique, dropDupsdb.douban.reIndex()db.douban.find([query],[fields]) - query is an optional query filter. fields is optional set of fields to return.                                              e.g. db.douban.find( {x:77} , {name:1, x:1} )db.douban.find(...).count()db.douban.find(...).limit(n)db.douban.find(...).skip(n)db.douban.find(...).sort(...)db.douban.findOne([query])db.douban.findAndModify( { update : ... , remove : bool [, query: {}, sort: {}, 'new': false] } )db.douban.getDB() get DB object associated with collectiondb.douban.getIndexes()db.douban.group( { key : ..., initial: ..., reduce : ...[, cond: ...] } )db.douban.mapReduce( mapFunction , reduceFunction , <optional params> )db.douban.remove(query)db.douban.renameCollection( newName , <dropTarget> ) renames the collection.db.douban.runCommand( name , <options> ) runs a db command with the given name where the first param is the collection namedb.douban.save(obj)db.douban.stats()db.douban.storageSize() - includes free space allocated to this collectiondb.douban.totalIndexSize() - size in bytes of all the indexesdb.douban.totalSize() - storage allocated for all data and indexesdb.douban.update(query, object[, upsert_bool, multi_bool])db.douban.validate( <full> ) - SLOWdb.douban.getShardVersion() - only for use with shardingdb.douban.getShardDistribution() - prints statistics about data distribution in the cluster


use

       use deng可以用來建立 deng,不用擔心 deng 不會建立,當建立第一個 collection 時,deng會自動建立。


insert

       db.unicorns.insert({name: 'demo', sex: 'm', weight: 70}),插入一個資料 collection 為 unicorns,使 用 db.getCollectionNames() , 會 得 到 unicorns 和 system.indexes 。system.indexes 對每個 DB 都會有,用於記錄 index。可以通過find函數查看是否插入成功。


find

       db.unicorns.find()會看到 document。就相當於mysql中的select * from table; 查看集合中的所有內容。


使用查詢        db.unicorns.find({name: 'Dunx'}) 其他說明:        $lt, $lte, $gt, $gte and $ne 分別表示小於、小於等於、大於、大於等於、不等於db.unicorns.find({gender: {$ne: 'f'}, weight: {$gte: 701}})$exists 用於表示 field 是否存在db.unicorns.find({vampires: {$exists: false}})or 和 anddb.unicorns.find({gender: 'f', $or: [{loves: 'apple'}, {loves: 'orange'}, {weight: {$lt: 500}}]})


db.unicorns.find(null, {name: 1}) 

只返回 name 這個 field,具體如下所示:

> db.unicorns.find(null, {name: 1}){ "_id" : ObjectId("4da6f22da8d5cd3b72081cf7"), "name" : "Aurora" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("4da6f22da8d5cd3b72081cf6"), "name" : "Horny" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("4da6f22da8d5cd3b72081cf8"), "name" : "Unicrom" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("4da6f22da8d5cd3b72081cf9"), "name" : "Roooooodles" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("4da6f22da8d5cd3b72081cfa"), "name" : "Solnara" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("4da6f22da8d5cd3b72081cfb"), "name" : "Ayna" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("4da6f22da8d5cd3b72081cfc"), "name" : "Kenny" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("4da6f22da8d5cd3b72081cfd"), "name" : "Raleigh" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("4da6f22da8d5cd3b72081cfe"), "name" : "Leia" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("4da6f22da8d5cd3b72081cff"), "name" : "Pilot" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("4da6f22da8d5cd3b72081d00"), "name" : "Nimue" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("4da6f231a8d5cd3b72081d01"), "name" : "Dunx" }> db.unicorns.find(null, {name: 1,_id:0}){ "name" : "Aurora" }{ "name" : "Horny" }{ "name" : "Unicrom" }{ "name" : "Roooooodles" }{ "name" : "Solnara" }{ "name" : "Ayna" }{ "name" : "Kenny" }{ "name" : "Raleigh" }{ "name" : "Leia" }{ "name" : "Pilot" }{ "name" : "Nimue" }{ "name" : "Dunx" }

sort

db.unicorns.find().sort({weight: -1})db.unicorns.find().sort({name: 1, vampires: -1})#1 表示升序,-1 表示降序db.unicorns.find().sort({weight: -1}).limit(2).skip(1)#得到第二個和第三個,limit 規定查詢個數,skip 規定忽略幾個。

count
db.unicorns.count({vampires: {$gt: 50}})#ordb.unicorns.find({vampires: {$gt: 50}}).count()


remove

db.unicorns.remove()如下面所示。> db.unicorns.remove()> db.unicorns.find()>


update

db.unicorns.update({name: 'jingdong'}, {weight: 590})

注意:此語句執行後,先查詢 name 是'jingdong'的所有資料,然後將 name是'jingdong'的整個 document 都替換為{weight: 590}。

即 db.unicorns.insert({name: 'jingdong', dob: new Date(1979, 7, 18, 18, 44),loves:['apple'], weight: 575, gender: 'm', vampires: 99});整個替換為{weight: 590},最後只剩一個{weight: 590}。

執行$set,不會替換原有資料,因此正確的更新方式如下:

db.unicorns.update({name: 'jingdong'}, {$set: {weight: 590}})

db.unicorns.update({name: 'Pilot'}, {$inc: {<span style="font-size:14px;">weight: 500</span>}})$inc 增加或減少數字 如果原來為500之後會變為1000,因為500+500 = 1000db.unicorns.update({name: 'Aurora'}, {$push: {loves: 'sugar'}})$push 增加數組元素$pop 減少數組元素

若存在則更新,否則添加db.hits.update({page: 'unicorns'}, {$inc: {hits: 1}}, true);db.hits.find();使用第三個參數設定是否 true(upset),預設是 false

#批次更新db.unicorns.update({}, {$set: {vaccinated: true }});db.unicorns.find({vaccinated: true});不會將所有的資料的 vaccinated 都更新為 true若將所有的資料的 vaccinated 都更新為 true,則如下:db.unicorns.update({}, {$set: {vaccinated: true }}, false, true);db.unicorns.find({vaccinated: true});


ensureIndex

建立索引的方式
db.unicorns.ensureIndex({name: 1})
刪除索引的方式
db.unicorns.dropIndex({name: 1})
建立獨立索引
db.unicorns.ensureIndex({name: 1}, {unique: true})
建立聯合索引
db.unicorns.dropIndex({name: 1, vampires: -1})


使用 web 獲得 mongoDB 的資訊

使用 http://localhost:28017/ 獲得 MongoDB 的資訊。


資料備份和恢複

使用 mongodump備份資料庫
mongodump
使用 mongorestore恢複資料庫
mongorestore










































       

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