標籤:結束 電腦 ref org 建議 eal .com each for
U
https://code.org/curriculum/course2/2/Teacher 原文 (翻譯 clock_JZ)
不用電腦的活動
生活中的演算法: 紙飛機
課程時間: 20 分鐘 該時間只包括基本活動. 時間充裕的情況下,可以加入課前介紹及課後思考和拓展
課程概述
這節課,我們通過製作紙飛機,把日常生活的內容和演算法概念結合起來。 目標是讓學生們能夠開始建立編程環境和日常環境的相互關係。
教學計劃
開始 - 15分鐘
1) 概述
2) 單詞
3) 每天做什麼
活動: 生活中的演算法- 20分鐘
4) 生活中的演算法: 紙飛機
總結 - 5 分鐘
5) 交流總結 – 我們學到了什麼?
測驗 - 10 分鐘
6) 生活中的演算法
課程目標
學生會學到:
- 將日常行為具體化,名稱話。
- 將大的事情分解為多個小的任務。
- 合理安排各個小任務的邏輯順序。
備課指導
材料準備,課程預習
學生
- 折飛機的紙張
- 工作表,生活中的演算法: 紙飛機
- 評估表: 日常演算法
- 剪刀
- 膠水
老師
- 看課程視頻
- 熟悉課程
- 工作表,生活中的演算法: 紙飛機
- 給每個學生列印:日常演算法評估表
開始 (15 分鐘)
1) 複習
借用這個機會來複習一下上節課學習的內容。 建議通過提問題和分組學生討論兩者互動進行。
你可以參考如下問題:
- 上節課我們學習了什麼內容?
- 如果有時間希望還能做些什嗎?
- 對上節課的內容有什麼問題嗎?
- 你最喜歡上節課的哪個環節?
提示
結束時,通過提問“最喜歡的部分”可以給學生留下一個積極的印象, 增加接下來活動的積極性。
2) 單詞
複習一個重要的詞彙:
Algorithm – 發音: 阿爾-勾-銳-思木
完成一個任務需要的詳細方法的描述。(計算方法,簡稱演算法)
3) 我們每天做什麼事情
- 問一下大家,早上來上學前都做了什麼準備
- 把答案寫在黑板上。
- 可能的話,在每個答案前面寫上數字,表示事情發生的順序。
- 如果學生的答案很無序, 叫他們幫你組織好順序。
- 分別指出順序混亂的地方和有序的地方。
- 告訴學生,每天做的事情都可以轉化成演算法
- 讓我們來做一個更有趣的,摺紙飛機。
活動:(20 分鐘)4) 生活中的演算法工作表格: 紙飛機
提示
根據學生的接受程度,決定讓他們獨立完成還是分小組進行。
- 你可以用演算法來描述生活中的每一件事。今天,我們寫一種可以協助大家摺紙飛機的演算法。
方法概述:
- 從工作表格上剪下摺紙飛機的每一步。
- 一起從九個選項中找出正確的六個。
- 把那六個按正確的順序黏貼到另外一張紙上。
- 把完成的演算法和別的小組交換,讓他們照演算法來摺紙飛機。
- 如果害怕紙飛機飛行中傷到學生, 建議把頭部向內摺疊,或者剪掉並用膠帶包裹鋒利邊緣。
提示
如果對學生來說,確定紙飛機的每一步太難。先指導他們選出正確六步,再分組練習。
總結(5 分鐘)
5) 簡短討論: 這節課學到了什嗎?
- 有多少人可以根據同學的演算法折出紙飛機?
- 這個練習還有什麼沒有提到的?
- 你能把演算法改的更好一點嗎?
- 如果演算法只有一步:“摺紙飛機”?
- 這個活動哪個部分你最喜歡?
小測驗(10 分鐘)
6) 測驗表格: 日常中的演算法
- 仔細講解題目要求,並讓學生獨立完成。
- 經過上面的活動,學生應該覺得這個測驗很熟悉。
拓展知識
下面的活動可以促進所學習知識的消化。可以作為課外練習。
Go Figure
- 給班級分組。
- 每個小組給出幾步詳細方法,來完成一件任務。
- 把大家集合一起,選一組來展示他們的演算法,同時不能讓別人知道具體要完成的任務。
- 讓大家猜一猜這個演算法是要做什嗎?
關聯知識點和一些資訊(和課程無關,不翻譯)
ISTE Standards (formerly NETS)
- 1.a - Apply existing knowledge to generate new ideas, products, or processes
- 1.c - Use models and simulation to explore complex systems and issues.
- 2.b - Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats.
- 2.d - Contribute to project teams to produce original works or solve problems.
- 4.b - Plan and manage activities to develop a solution or complete a project.
- 6.a - Understand and use technology systems.
CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards
- CT.L1:3-03. Understand how to arrange information into useful order without using a computer.
- CT.L1:6-01. Understand and use the basic steps in algorithmic problem-solving.
- CT.L1:6-02. Develop a simple understanding of an algorithm using computer-free exercise.
- CT.L1:6-05. Make a list of sub-problems to consider while addressing a larger problem.
- CPP.L1:3-04. Construct a set of statements to be acted out to accomplish a simple task.
- CPP.L1:6-05. Construct a program as a set of step-by-step instructions to be acted out (e.g., make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich activity).
- CT.L2-03. Define an algorithm as a sequence of instructions that can be processed by a computer.
- CT.L2-06. Describe and analyze a sequence of instructions being followed.
NGSS Science and Engineering Practices
- K-2-PS3-2. Use tools and materials provided to design and build a device that solves a specific problem or a solution to a specific problem.
- 3-5-ETS1-2 - Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.
Common Core Mathematical Practices
- 1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.
- 2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
- 3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others
- 6. Attend to precision.
- 7. Look for and make use of structure.
- 8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.
Common Core Math Standards
- 1.G.1 - Distinguish between defining attributes versus non-defining attributes; build and draw shapes to possess defining attributes.
- 2.G.3 - Partition circles and rectangles into two, three, or four equal shares, describe the shares using the words halves, thirds, half of, a third of, etc., and describe the whole as two halves, three thirds, four fourths.
Common Core Language Arts
- SL.1.1 - Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 1 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups.
- SL.1.2 - Ask and answer questions about key details in a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media.
- L.1.6 - Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships.
- SL.2.1 - Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 2 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups.
- SL.2.2 - Recount or describe key ideas or details from a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media.
- L.2.6 - Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using adjectives and adverbs to describe.
- SL.3.1 - Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 3 topics and texts, building on others‘ ideas and expressing their own clearly.
- SL.3.3 - Ask and answer questions about information from a speaker, offering appropriate elaboration and detail.
- L.3.6 - Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate conversational, general academic, and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal spatial and temporal relationships.
This curriculum is available under aCreative Commons License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
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課程2,階段二,生活中的演算法:摺紙飛機(不用電腦)