linux中grep用法詳解，linuxgrep用法詳解

linux中grep用法詳解，linuxgrep用法詳解

尋找特定字串並顏色顯示
[root@fwq test]# grep -n 'the' regular_express.txt --color=auto
8:I can't finish the test.
12:the symbol '*' is represented as start.
15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.
16:The world <Happy> is the same with "glad".
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.

 

反向選擇尋找特定字串並顏色顯示

[root@fwq test]# grep -vn 'the' regular_express.txt --color=auto
1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
2:apple is my favorite food.
......

忽略大小寫尋找特定的字元

 [root@fwq test]#  grep -in 'the' regular_express.txt

使用 [] 來尋找集合字元：

[root@fwq test]# grep -n 't[ae]st' regular_express.txt
8:I can't finish the test.
9:Oh! The soup taste good.

尋找有‘oo’字串

[root@fwq test]# grep -n 'oo' regular_express.txt
1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
2:apple is my favorite food.
3:Football game is not use feet only.
9:Oh! The soup taste good.
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
19:goooooogle yes!

尋找有‘oo’字串，但是不要前面有g的，即剔除goo

[root@fwq test]# grep -n '[^g]oo' regular_express.txt
2:apple is my favorite food.
3:Football game is not use feet only.
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
19:goooooogle yes!

尋找非小寫字母加oo的內容

[root@fwq test]# grep -n '[^a-z]oo' regular_express.txt
3:Football game is not use feet only.

 

擷取有數位一行

[root@fwq test]# grep -n '[0-9]' regular_express.txt
5:However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars.
15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.

[root@fwq test]# grep -n '[^[:lower:]]oo' regular_express.txt
3:Football game is not use feet only.

 

查詢以the開頭的字元

[root@fwq test]# grep -n '^the' regular_express.txt
12:the symbol '*' is represented as start.

查詢開頭是小寫字母的內容

[root@fwq test]# grep -n '^[a-z]' regular_express.txt
2:apple is my favorite food.
4:this dress doesn't fit me.
10:motorcycle is cheap than car.
12:the symbol '*' is represented as start.
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
19:goooooogle yes!
20:go! go! Let's go.

查詢第一個字元不是大寫的

[root@fwq test]# grep -n '^[[:lower:]]' regular_express.txt
2:apple is my favorite food.
4:this dress doesn't fit me.
10:motorcycle is cheap than car.
12:the symbol '*' is represented as start.
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
19:goooooogle yes!
20:go! go! Let's go.

查詢不是以英文開頭的字元

[root@fwq test]# grep -n '^[^a-zA-Z]' regular_express.txt
1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
21:# I am VBird

查詢結尾是小數點的行的內容.

[root@fwq test]# grep -n '\.$' regular_express.txt
1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
2:apple is my favorite food.
3:Football game is not use feet only.
4:this dress doesn't fit me.
10:motorcycle is cheap than car.
11:This window is clear.
12:the symbol '*' is represented as start.
15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.
16:The world <Happy> is the same with "glad".
17:I like dog.
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
20:go! go! Let's go.

尋找“空白行”

[root@fwq test]# grep -n '^$' regular_express.txt
22:

萬用字元.和*的使用，.(小數點)代表一定有一個任一字元，*代表重複前一個到無窮多次的意思

[root@fwq test]# grep -n 'g..d' regular_express.txt
1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
9:Oh! The soup taste good.
16:The world <Happy> is the same with "glad".

查詢出現任一數字的行列

[root@fwq test]# grep -n '[0-9][0-9]*' regular_express.txt
5:However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars.
15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.

 

查詢出現兩個o的字串

[root@fwq test]# grep -n 'o\{2\}' regular_express.txt
1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
2:apple is my favorite food.
3:Football game is not use feet only.
9:Oh! The soup taste good.
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
19:goooooogle yes!

查詢出現2-5個o的字串,後面在接一個g的字串

[root@fwq test]# grep -n 'o\{2,5\}g' regular_express.txt
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
19:goooooogle yes!

查詢出現2個以上o的字串,後面在接一個g的字串

[root@fwq test]# grep -n 'o\{2,\}g' regular_express.txt
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
19:goooooogle yes!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Linux下Grep命令的詳細使用方法

在linux中grep命令是非常有用的,它和管道(|)配合使用,非常強大,用於搜尋文字檔.如果想要在幾個文字檔中尋找一字串，可以使用‘grep’命令。‘grep’在文本中搜尋指定的字串。
假設您正在‘/usr/src/linux/Documentation’目錄下搜尋帶字串‘magic’的檔案：

$ grep magic /usr/src/linux/Documentation/*
sysrq.txt:* How do I enable the magic SysRQ key?
sysrq.txt:* How do I use the magic SysRQ key?

其中檔案‘sysrp.txt’包含該字串，討論的是 SysRQ 的功能。

預設情況下，‘grep’只搜尋目前的目錄。如果此目錄下有許多子目錄，‘grep’會以如下形式列出：

grep: sound: Is a directory

這可能會使‘grep’的輸出難於閱讀。這裡有兩種解決的辦法：

明確要求搜尋子目錄：grep -r
或忽略子目錄：grep -d skip
當然，如果預料到有許多輸出，您可以通過 管道 將其轉到‘less’上閱讀：

$ grep magic /usr/src/linux/Documentation/* | less

這樣，您就可以更方便地閱讀。

有一點要注意，您必需提供一個檔案過濾方式（搜尋全部檔案的話用 *）。如果您忘了，‘grep’會一直等著，直到該程式被中斷。如果您遇到了這樣的情況，按 <CTRL c> ，然後再試。

下面是一些有意思的命令列參數：

grep -i pattern files ：不區分大小寫地搜尋。預設情況區分大小寫，
grep -l pattern files ：只列出匹配的檔案名稱，
grep -L pattern files ：列出不匹配的檔案名稱，
grep -w pattern files ：只匹配整個單詞，而不是字串的一部分（如匹配‘magic’，而不是‘magical’），
grep -C number pattern files ：匹配的上下文分別顯示[number]行，
grep pattern1 | pattern2 files ：顯示匹配 pattern1 或 pattern2 的行，
grep pattern1 files | grep pattern2 ：顯示既匹配 pattern1 又匹配 pattern2 的行。
這裡還有些用於搜尋的特殊符號：

\< 和 \> 分別標註單詞的開始與結尾。
例如：
grep man * 會匹配 ‘Batman’、‘manic’、‘man’等，
grep '\<man' * 匹配‘manic’和‘man’，但不是‘Batman’，
grep '\<man\>' 只匹配‘man’，而不是‘Batman’或‘manic’等其他的字串。
'^'：指匹配的字串在行首，
'$'：指匹配的字串在行尾，
如果您不習慣命令列參數，可以試試圖形介面的‘grep’，如 reXgrep 。這個軟體提供 AND、OR、NOT 等文法，還有漂亮的按鈕 ......餘下全文>>
 
linux中grep的用法

ls或者其他命令|grep 過濾的東西