linux分析、診斷及調優的必備“殺器”

linux分析、診斷及調優的必備“殺器”
 1、toptop - 02:06:59 up 4 days, 17:14, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00Tasks: 62 total, 1 running, 61 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombieCpu(s): 0.2% us, 0.3% sy, 0.0% ni, 97.8% id, 1.7% wa, 0.0% hi, 0.0% siMem: 515144k total, 317624k used, 197520k free, 66068k buffersSwap: 1048120k total, 12k used, 1048108k free, 179632k cachedPID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND13737 root 17 0 1760 896 1540 R 0.7 0.2 0:00.05 top238 root 5 -10 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:01.56 reiserfs/01 root 16 0 588 240 444 S 0.0 0.0 0:05.70 init2 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/03 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/04 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/15 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/16 root 5 -10 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 events/0 輸出資料行說明：PID：Process identification.USER：Name of the user who owns (and perhaps started) the process.PRI：Priority of the process. (See 1.1.4, “Process priority and nice level” on page 5 for details.)SIZE：Amount of memory (code+data+stack) used by the process in kilobytes.RSS：Amount of physical RAM used, in kilobytes.SHARE：Amount of memory shared with other processes, in kilobytes.STAT：State of the process: S=sleeping, R=running, T=stopped or traced,D=interruptible sleep, Z=zombie. %CPU：Share of the CPU usage (since the last screen update).%MEM：Share of physical memory.TIME：Total CPU time used by the process (since it was started).COMMAND：Command line used to start the task (including parameters). 有用的熱鍵：t ：Displays summary information off and on.m ：Displays memory information off and on.A ：Sorts the display by top consumers of various system resources. Useful for quick identification of performance-hungry tasks on a system.f ：Enters an interactive configuration screen for top. Helpful for setting up top for a specific task.o ：Enables you to interactively select the ordering within top.r ：Issues renice command.k ：Issues kill command.O or F：enters an interactive configuration screen for processes order.h：displays help screen.2、vmstatprocs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- ----cpu----r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa0 1 0 1742264 112116 1999864 0 0 1 4 3 3 0 0 99 00 1 0 1742072 112208 1999772 0 0 0 2536 1258 1146 0 1 75 240 1 0 1741880 112260 1999720 0 0 0 2668 1235 1002 0 1 75 240 1 0 1741560 112308 1999932 0 0 0 2930 1240 1015 0 1 75 241 1 0 1741304 112344 2000416 0 0 0 2980 1238 925 0 1 75 240 1 0 1741176 112384 2000636 0 0 0 2968 1233 929 0 1 75 240 1 0 1741304 112420 2000600 0 0 0 3024 1247 925 0 1 75 24 輸出資料行說明：Process (procs) r:The number of processes waiting for runtime                              b: The number of processes in uninterruptable sleepMemory                swpd: The amount of virtual memory used (KB)                              free: The amount of idle memory (KB)                              buff: The amount of memory used as buffers (KB)                             cache: The amount of memory used as cache (KB)Swap                   si: Amount of memory swapped from the disk (KBps)                             so: Amount of memory swapped to the disk (KBps)IO                         bi: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s)                             bo: Blocks received from a block device (blocks/s)System               in: The number of interrupts per second, including the clock                             cs: The number of context switches per secondCPU (% of total CPU time)                             us: Time spent running non-kernel code (user time, including nice time).                             sy: Time spent running kernel code (system time).                             id: Time spent idle. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, this included I/O-wait time.                             wa: Time spent waiting for IO. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, this appeared as zero. 有用的命令列參數：-m:displays the memory utilization of the kernel (slabs)-a:provides information about active and inactive memory pages-n:displays only one header line, useful if running vmstat in sampling mode and piping the output to a file. (For example, root#vmstat –n 2 10 generates vmstat 10 times with a sampling rate of two seconds.)When used with the –p {partition} flag, vmstat also provides I/O statistics.3、uptime10:12:37 up 244 days, 26 min,  1 user,  load average: 10.92, 23.68, 23.64說明：The uptime command can be used to see how long the server has been running and how many users are logged on, as well as for a quick overview of the average load of the server.The system load average is displayed for the past 1minute, 5 minute, and 15 minute intervals.4、ps有用的命令選項：-e:All processes. Identical to -A-l:Show long format-F:Extra full mode-H:Forest-L:Show threads, possibly with LWP and NLWP columns-m:Show threads after processesroot# ps -elFLF S UID PID PPID LWP C NLWP PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN RSS PSR STIME TTY TIME CMD4 S root 1 0 1 0 1 76 0 - 457 - 552 0 Mar08 ? 00:00:01 init [3]1 S root 2 1 2 0 1 -40 - - 0 migrat 0 0 Mar08 ? 00:00:36 [migration/0]1 S root 3 1 3 0 1 94 19 - 0 ksofti 0 0 Mar08 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]root# ps -eLF| grep -E "LWP|/usr/sbin/httpd"UID PID PPID LWP C NLWP SZ RSS PSR STIME TTY TIME CMDroot 4504 1 4504 0 1 4313 8600 2 08:33 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpdapache 4507 4504 4507 0 1 4313 4236 1 08:33 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpdapache 4508 4504 4508 0 1 4313 4228 1 08:33 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd輸出資料行說明：F:Process flagS:State of the process: S=sleeping, R=running, T=stopped or traced,D=interruptable sleep, Z=zombie. UID:Name of the user who owns (and perhaps started) the process.PID:Process ID numberPPID:Parent process ID numberLWP:LWP(light weight process, or thread) ID of the lwp being reported.C:Integer value of the processor utilization percentage.(CPU usage)NLWP:Number of lwps (threads) in the process. (alias thcount).PRI:Priority of the process. NI:Niceness level (whether the process tries to be nice by adjusting the priority by the number given; see below for details).ADDR:Process Address space (not displayed)SZ:Amount of memory (code+data+stack) used by the process in kilobytes.WCHAN:Name of the kernel function in which the process is sleeping, a “-” if the process is running, or a “*” if the process is multi-threaded and ps is not displaying threads.RSS:Resident set size, the non-swapped physical memory that a task has used (in kiloBytes).PSR:Processor that process is currently assigned to.STIME:Time the command started.TTY:TerminalTIME:Total CPU time used by the process (since it was started).CMD:Command line used to start the task (including parameters).5、free有用的命令參數：-b, -k, -m, -g:Display values in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes-l:Distinguishes between low and high memory -c <count>:Displays the free output <count> number of times[root@edam ~]# free -l                 total                used               free            shared                buffers                   cachedMem:       4154484       2381500       1772984    0                          108256                  1974344Low:         877828        199436           678392High:        3276656      2182064        1094592-/+ buffers/cache:        298900           3855584Swap:      4194296      0                       4194296