ContentProvider基本使用
為了在應用程式之間交換資料,android提供了ContentProvider,ContentProvider是不同應用程式之間進行資料交換的標準API,當一個應用程式需要把自己的資料暴露給其他程式使用時,該應用程式就可以通過提供ContentPRovider來實現,其他應用程式就可以通過ContentResolver來操作ContentProvider暴露的資料。
實現ContentProvider的步驟:
1)編寫一個類,繼承ContentProvider,並且重寫裡面的CRUD方法。
2)在androidmanifest.xml檔案中註冊provider。
在androidmanifest.xml中註冊provider需要以下3個屬性:
android:name provider的實作類別。
android:authorities provider的uri。
android:exported provider是否暴露給其他程式。
ContentResovler操作ContentProvider:
1)擷取ContentResolver,getContentResovler()方法來自於ContextWrapper,所以activity和service中都可以使用。
2)調用CURD方法,通過參數url,調用指定的ContentProvider的方法。
下面是一個demo,向contentProvider中插入一條資料,並且返回到listview中。
main.xml:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".Main" > <ListView android:id="@+id/listview" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </RelativeLayout>
MySQLiteOpenHelper類
package com.app.dao; import android.content.Context;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; public class MySQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { public MySQLiteOpenHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version) { super(context, name, factory, version); } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { String create_sql = "create table tb_test(_id integer primary key autoincrement,name,gender,age)"; db.execSQL(create_sql); } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { } }
MyContentProvider類
package com.app.dao; import android.content.ContentProvider;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.database.Cursor;import android.net.Uri; public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider{ MySQLiteOpenHelper helper=null; @Override public int delete(Uri arg0, String arg1, String[] arg2) { return 0; } @Override public String getType(Uri arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } @Override public Uri insert(Uri arg0, ContentValues values) { String insert_sql="insert into tb_test values(null,'wx','boy',17)"; helper.getReadableDatabase().execSQL(insert_sql); return null; } @Override public boolean onCreate() { helper=new MySQLiteOpenHelper(this.getContext(),"test.db3",null,1); return true; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri arg0, String[] arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3, String arg4) { String query_sql="select * from tb_test"; Cursor cursor=helper.getReadableDatabase().rawQuery(query_sql, null); return cursor; } @Override public int update(Uri arg0, ContentValues arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 0; } }
listview的顯示介面show.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="horizontal" > <TextView android:id="@+id/name" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/gender" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginLeft="60dp" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/age" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginLeft="60dp" /> </LinearLayout>
Main.java
package com.app.main; import android.annotation.SuppressLint;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.ContentResolver;import android.database.Cursor;import android.net.Uri;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.v4.widget.CursorAdapter;import android.widget.ListView;import android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter; public class Main extends Activity { ContentResolver resolver = null; ListView lv = null; @SuppressLint("NewApi") @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); lv = (ListView) this.findViewById(R.id.listview); resolver = this.getContentResolver(); String str = "content://com.app.test.db/"; Uri uri = Uri.parse(str); resolver.insert(uri, null); Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null); SimpleCursorAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, R.layout.show, cursor, new String[] { "name", "gender", "age" }, new int[] { R.id.name, R.id.gender, R.id.age }, CursorAdapter.FLAG_REGISTER_CONTENT_OBSERVER); lv.setAdapter(adapter); } }
實現效果:(執行了3次插入後的效果)
ContentProvider的單元測試
ContentProvider是android的四大組件之一,在編寫代碼的時候最好是加上單元測試,這樣可以確定對資料的CRUD的正確。本篇文章主要介紹ContentProvider中兩個主要輔助類的使用還有單元測試的在ContentProvider中的使用。
需要用到的兩個輔助類:UriMatcher類和ContentUris類。
UriMatcher類:能夠對輸入的uri參數就行匹配,以確定對什麼表執行什麼樣的操作。
ContentUris類:有些方法需要返回uri,運用此類可以方便的產生uri類。
對於單元測試,個人覺得非常有必要在今後寫代碼的時候使用,這樣可以非常準確的確定代碼的正確性。
使用單元測試的步驟:
1)加入instrumentation,這個部分的代碼是固定,也可以完全在ADT提供的嚮導中匯入。
<instrumentation android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" android:targetPackage="com.example.android_contentprovider" > </instrumentation>
2)添加<uses-library>,這個部分的代碼也是固定的寫法。
<uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
好了,必備的知識已經講完了,現在上代碼:
1)產生一個SQLiteDatabase類,這個是必需的類MySQLiteOpenHelper類
package com.app.db; import android.content.Context;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; public class MySQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { private static String DB_NAME = "test.db3"; private static int VERSION = 1; public MySQLiteOpenHelper(Context context) { super(context, DB_NAME, null, VERSION); } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { //建表語句 String create_student = "create table student(_id integer primary key autoincrement,name varchar(10),age integer,gender vachar(10))"; db.execSQL(create_student); //千萬不能執行這句 // db.close(); } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase arg0, int arg1, int arg2) { } }
然後添加我們需要的MyContentProvider類:
package com.app.contentprovider; import com.app.db.MySQLiteOpenHelper; import android.content.ContentProvider;import android.content.ContentUris;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.content.UriMatcher;import android.database.Cursor;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.net.Uri;import android.util.Log; public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider { MySQLiteOpenHelper helper = null; private static UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); // 匹配單條記錄 private static final int student = 1; // 匹配多條記錄 private static final int students = 2; static { matcher.addURI("com.app.wx", "student/#", student); matcher.addURI("com.app.wx", "student", students); } @Override public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase(); int action = matcher.match(uri); switch (action) { // 匹配單條記錄 case student: long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri); //擷取單條記錄的id號 String delete_id = "_id=" + id; if (selection != null) { delete_id += delete_id + " and " + selection; } db.delete("student", delete_id, selectionArgs); break; // 匹配多條記錄 case students: db.delete("student", selection, selectionArgs); break; } return 0; } //必需實現這個方法,這個方法與intent有關係,以後再講 @Override public String getType(Uri uri) { int code = matcher.match(uri); switch (code) { case student: return "vnd.android.cursor.item/student_item"; case students: return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/students"; default: return null; } } @Override public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) { SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase(); int action = matcher.match(uri); switch (action) { case students: long id1 = db.insert("student", "_id", values); Log.i("--------", ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id1).toString()); return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id1); } return null; } @Override public boolean onCreate() { helper = new MySQLiteOpenHelper(this.getContext()); return true; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String orderBy) { SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase(); Cursor cursor = null; int action = matcher.match(uri); switch (action) { case students: cursor = db.query("student", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, orderBy); break; } System.out.println("-----------count:" + cursor.getCount()); return cursor; } @Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] arg3) { int count = -1; SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase(); int action = matcher.match(uri); switch (action) { case student: // 以id來處理更新 long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri); String id_selection = "_id=" + id; if (selection != null && !selection.equals("")) { id_selection = id_selection + " and " + values; } count = db.update("student", values, id_selection, arg3); System.out.println("----------count:" + count); break; } return count; } }
這個類很長,但是執行的方法都是比較常見的CURD的方法,重要的是UriMatcher和ContentUris類的使用。
接著執行單元測試類:Test
package com.app.contentprovider; import android.content.ContentResolver;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.database.Cursor;import android.net.Uri;import android.test.AndroidTestCase;import android.util.Log; public class Test extends AndroidTestCase { public void insert() { ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver(); String str = "content://com.app.wx/student"; ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("name", "wzq"); values.put("age", 18); values.put("gender", "boy"); resolver.insert(Uri.parse(str), values); } public void update() { ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver(); String str = "content://com.app.wx/student/2"; ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("name", "哈哈"); resolver.update(Uri.parse(str), values, null, null); } public void query() { ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver(); String str = "content://com.app.wx/student"; Uri uri = Uri.parse(str); Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[] { "_id", "name,age,gender" }, null, null, "_id desc"); Log.d("------count",cursor.getCount()+""); } public void delete() { ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver(); String str = "content://com.app.wx/student/2"; Uri uri = Uri.parse(str); long id=resolver.delete(uri, null, null); } }
執行insert方法之後(執行了三次):
執行了update方法之後:
執行了query方法之後:
執行了delete方法之後: