Mac OS X系統下安裝及配置Homebrew教程

 

有過Linux使用經驗的朋友應該知道apt-get（Debian系）、yum（RHEL系）、pacman（ArchLinux,輕量級Linux）這些線上安裝軟體的套件。在Mac OS也有類似的，比較有名的是Macports、Homebrew。現在就來大致介紹Homebrew的安裝、配置、使用方法。

（1）配置系統

現在的Mac OS X已經是一個全64位的系統，有時候我們很頭疼地告知編譯器把所有檔案都編譯為64位。通常預設系統PATH是/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin，我們可以稍微更改一下一包含到通過Homebrew安裝的檔案。需要更改.bash_profile：

$ vim ~/.bash_profile

改為如下：

# Set architecture flags
export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64"
# Ensure user-installed binaries take precedence
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH

使之生效：

$ . ~/.bash_profile

（2）安裝Xcode Command Line Tools
在App Store安裝免費的Xcode。查看是否安裝Xcode，輸入一下命令：
1
$ xcode-select -p
如果出現以下提示，說明已經安裝：
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
下載安裝Xcode好後在終端輸入以下命令，安裝編譯軟體必備的Xcode Command Line Tools，它包含了GCC編譯器。

$ xcode-select --install

在彈出的對話方塊中安裝即可。
QQ20141024-1

QQ20141024-2

（3）安裝Homebrew

其實非常簡單，可以參照官網安裝。由於系統已經內建了ruby，如下命令即可安裝。

MacBook-Air:~ weiz$ ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
==> This script will install:
/usr/local/bin/brew
/usr/local/Library/...
/usr/local/share/man/man1/brew.1
 
Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir /usr/local
 
WARNING: Improper use of the sudo command could lead to data loss
or the deletion of important system files. Please double-check your
typing when using sudo. Type "man sudo" for more information.
 
To proceed, enter your password, or type Ctrl-C to abort.
 
Password:
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /usr/local
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/chgrp admin /usr/local
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir /Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...
remote: Counting objects: 207648, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (55804/55804), done.
remote: Total 207648 (delta 150671), reused 207632 (delta 150658)
Receiving objects: 100% (207648/207648), 43.68 MiB | 793.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (150671/150671), done.
From https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew
 * [new branch]      master     -> origin/master
HEAD is now at acff365 perl 5.20.1: Add keg_only :provided_by_osx
==> Installation successful!
==> Next steps
Run `brew doctor` before you install anything
Run `brew help` to get started

安裝軟體很容易：

$ brew install bash-completion ssh-copy-id wget

查看軟體資訊,在列出的資訊中也會詳細提示如何配置安裝的軟體，非常有用：

$ brew info bash-completion
 
bash-completion: stable 1.3
 
http://bash-completion.alioth.debian.org/
 
/usr/local/Cellar/bash-completion/1.3 (188 files, 1.1M) *
 
Built from source
 
From: https://github.com/mxcl/homebrew/commits/master/Library/Formula/bash-completion.rb
 
==> Caveats
 
Add the following lines to your ~/.bash_profile:
 
if [ -f $(brew --prefix)/etc/bash_completion ]; then
 
. $(brew --prefix)/etc/bash_completion
 
fi
 
Homebrew's own bash completion script has been installed to
 
/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d
 
Bash completion has been installed to:
 
/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d

其中bash-completion是一個非常有用的軟體，能按兩下tab就能提示更多軟體命令。安提示的資訊安裝即可。
比較有用的命令如brew update、brew doctor等需要自己摸索。
以下是Homebrew經常使用的命令：
尋找軟體包：brew search wget
安裝軟體包：brew install wget
列出已安裝的軟體包：brew list
刪除軟體包：brew remove wget
查看軟體包資訊：brew info wget
列出軟體包的依賴關係：brew deps wget
更新brew：brew update
列出過時的軟體包（已安裝但不是最新版本）：brew outdated
更新過時的軟體包（全部或指定）：brew upgrade 或 brew upgrade wget