在Linux上shell顯示使用者名稱及主機名稱，linuxshell

在Linux上shell顯示使用者名稱及主機名稱，linuxshell
1. 問題描述

最近在伺服器上重新安裝了一點東西，結果登入的shell介面變成了顯示-bash-4.2$，顯得很醜而且使用起來十分不方便，主要是scp時需要使用者名稱和主機名稱，因此對其進行了修改。

2. 解決方案

修改目前使用者的.bash_profile檔案，在其中加入：

export PS1='[\u@\h \W]$ '

source .bash_profile，OK，問題解決。

3. 解釋

PS1是Linux終端使用者的一個環境變數，用來說明命令列提示符的設定。\u等是特殊字元，可以通過man bash命令查看，其意義如下：

\a     an ASCII bell character (07)\d     the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26")\D{format}       the format is passed to strftime(3) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an empty format results in a locale-specific time representation.  The braces are required\e     an ASCII escape character (033)\h     the hostname up to the first `.'\H     the hostname\j     the number of jobs currently managed by the shell\l     the basename of the shell's terminal device name\n     newline\r     carriage return\s     the name of the shell, the basename of $0 (the portion following the final slash)\t     the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format\T     the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format\@     the current time in 12-hour am/pm format\A     the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format\u     the username of the current user\v     the version of bash (e.g., 2.00)\V     the release of bash, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)\w     the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the PROMPT_DIRTRIM variable)\W     the basename of the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde\!     the history number of this command\#     the command number of this command\$     if the effective UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $\nnn   the character corresponding to the octal number nnn\\     a backslash\[     begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt\]     end a sequence of non-printing characters

部分特殊字元解釋如下：

\u 目前使用者的使用者名稱\h 用.分開的第一個主機名稱\H 完整的主機名稱\W 當前工作目錄的目錄名，只顯示路徑的最後一個目錄\w 當前工作目錄的目錄名，顯示全路徑