HLSL固有函數

每天30分鐘看Shader--(1)HLSL固有函數 【Intrinsic Functions (DirectX HLSL)】 放在blog上看起來方便,這個是MSDN上的，DirectX Documentation裡也有
Intrinsic Functions (DirectX HLSL)

The following table lists the intrinsic functions available in HLSL. Each function has a brief description, and a link to a reference page that has more detail about the input argument and return type.

Name	Syntax	Description
abs	abs(x)	Absolute value (per component).
acos	acos(x)	Returns the arccosine of each component of x.
all	all(x)	Test if all components of x are nonzero.
any	any(x)	Test if any component of x is nonzero.
asfloat	asfloat(x)	Convert the input type to a float.
asin	asin(x)	Returns the arcsine of each component of x.
asint	asint(x)	Convert the input type to an integer.
asuint	asuint(x)	Convert the input type to an unsigned integer.
atan	atan(x)	Returns the arctangent of x.
atan2	atan2(y, x)	Returns the arctangent of of two values (x,y).
ceil	ceil(x)	Returns the smallest integer which is greater than or equal to x.
clamp	clamp(x, min, max)	Clamps x to the range [min, max].
clip	clip(x)	Discards the current pixel, if any component of x is less than zero.
cos	cos(x)	Returns the cosine of x.
cosh	cosh(x)	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.
cross	cross(x, y)	Returns the cross product of two 3D vectors.
D3DCOLORtoUBYTE4	D3DCOLORtoUBYTE4(x)	Swizzles and scales components of the 4D vector x to compensate for the lack of UBYTE4 support in some hardware.
ddx	ddx(x)	Returns the partial derivative of x with respect to the screen-space x-coordinate.
ddy	ddy(x)	Returns the partial derivative of x with respect to the screen-space y-coordinate.
degrees	degrees(x)	Converts x from radians to degrees.
determinant	determinant(m)	Returns the determinant of the square matrix m.
distance	distance(x, y)	Returns the distance between two points.
dot	dot(x, y)	Returns the dot product of two vectors.
exp	exp(x)	Returns the base-e exponent.
exp2	exp2(x)	Base 2 exponent (per component).
faceforward	faceforward(n, i, ng)	Returns -n * sign(•(i, ng)).
floor	floor(x)	Returns the greatest integer which is less than or equal to x.
fmod	fmod(x, y)	Returns the floating point remainder of x/y.
frac	frac(x)	Returns the fractional part of x.
frexp	frexp(x, exp)	Returns the mantissa and exponent of x.
fwidth	fwidth(x)	Returns abs(ddx(x)) + abs(ddy(x))
GetRenderTargetSampleCount	GetRenderTargetSampleCount()	Returns the number of render-target samples.
GetRenderTargetSamplePosition	GetRenderTargetSamplePosition(x)	Returns a sample position (x,y) for a given sample index.
isfinite	isfinite(x)	Returns true if x is finite, false otherwise.
isinf	isinf(x)	Returns true if x is +INF or -INF, false otherwise.
isnan	isnan(x)	Returns true if x is NAN or QNAN, false otherwise.
ldexp	ldexp(x, exp)	Returns x * 2exp
length	length(v)	Returns the length of the vector v.
lerp	lerp(x, y, s)	Returns x + s(y - x).
lit	lit(n • l, n • h, m)	Returns a lighting vector (ambient, diffuse, specular, 1)
log	log(x)	Returns the base-e logarithm of x.
log10	log10(x)	Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.
log2	log2(x)	Returns the base-2 logarithm of x.
max	max(x, y)	Selects the greater of x and y.
min	min(x, y)	Selects the lesser of x and y.
modf	modf(x, out ip)	Splits the value x into fractional and integer parts.
mul	mul(x, y)	Performs matrix multiplication using x and y.
noise	noise(x)	Generates a random value using the Perlin-noise algorithm.
normalize	normalize(x)	Returns a normalized vector.
pow	pow(x, y)	Returns xy.
radians	radians(x)	Converts x from degrees to radians.
reflect	reflect(i, n)	Returns a reflection vector.
refract	refract(i, n, R)	Returns the refraction vector.
round	round(x)	Rounds x to the nearest integer
rsqrt	rsqrt(x)	Returns 1 / sqrt(x)
saturate	saturate(x)	Clamps x to the range [0, 1]
sign	sign(x)	Computes the sign of x.
sin	sin(x)	Returns the sine of x
sincos	sincos(x, out s, out c)	Returns the sine and cosine of x.
sinh	sinh(x)	Returns the hyperbolic sine of x
smoothstep	smoothstep(min, max, x)	Returns a smooth Hermite interpolation between 0 and 1.
sqrt	sqrt(x)	Square root (per component)
step	step(a, x)	Returns (x >= a) ? 1 : 0
tan	tan(x)	Returns the tangent of x
tanh	tanh(x)	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x
tex1D	tex1D(s, t)	1D texture lookup.
tex1Dbias	tex1Dbias(s, t)	1D texture lookup with bias.
tex1Dgrad	tex1Dgrad(s, t, ddx, ddy)	1D texture lookup with a gradient.
tex1Dlod	tex1Dlod(s, t)	1D texture lookup with LOD.
tex1Dproj	tex1Dproj(s, t)	1D texture lookup with projective divide.
tex2D	tex2D(s, t)	2D texture lookup.
tex2Dbias	tex2Dbias(s, t)	2D texture lookup with bias.
tex2Dgrad	tex2Dgrad(s, t, ddx, ddy)	2D texture lookup with a gradient.
tex2Dlod	tex2Dlod(s, t)	2D texture lookup with LOD.
tex2Dproj	tex2Dproj(s, t)	2D texture lookup with projective divide.
tex3D	tex3D(s, t)	3D texture lookup.
tex3Dbias	tex3Dbias(s, t)	3D texture lookup with bias.
tex3Dgrad	tex3Dgrad(s, t, ddx, ddy)	3D texture lookup with a gradient.
tex3Dlod	tex3Dlod(s, t)	3D texture lookup with LOD.
tex3Dproj	tex3Dproj(s, t)	3D texture lookup with projective divide.
texCUBE	texCUBE(s, t)	Cube texture lookup.
texCUBEbias	texCUBEbias(s, t)	Cube texture lookup with bias.
texCUBEgrad	texCUBEgrad(s, t, ddx, ddy)	Cube texture lookup with a gradient.
texCUBElod	tex3Dlod(s, t)	Cube texture lookup with LOD.
texCUBEproj	texCUBEproj(s, t)	Cube texture lookup with projective divide.
transpose	transpose(m)	Returns the transpose of the matrix m.
trunc	trunc(x)	Truncates floating-point value(s) to integer value(s)

表 3-1 HLSL內建函數

函數名            用法

abs                         計算輸入值的絕對值。

acos                        返回輸入值反餘弦值。

all                           測試非0值。

any                         測試輸入值中的任何非零值。

asin                         返回輸入值的反正弦值。

atan                        返回輸入值的反正切值。

atan2                       返回y/x的反正切值。

ceil                         返回大於或等於輸入值的最小整數。

clamp                      把輸入值限制在[min, max]範圍內。

clip                         如果輸入向量中的任何元素小於0，則丟棄當前像素。

cos                         返回輸入值的餘弦。

cosh                       返回輸入值的雙曲餘弦。

cross                      返回兩個3D向量的叉積。

ddx                         返回關於螢幕座標x軸的偏導數。

ddy                         返回關於螢幕座標y軸的偏導數。

degrees                   弧度到角度的轉換

determinant              返回輸入矩陣的值。

distance                   返回兩個輸入焦點間的距離。

dot                          返回兩個向量的點積。

exp                         返回以e為底數，輸入值為指數的指數函數值。

exp2                       返回以2為底數，輸入值為指數的指數函數值。

faceforward             檢測多邊形是否位於正面。

floor                       返回小於等於x的最大整數。

fmod                       返回a / b的浮點餘數。

frac                        返回輸入值的小數部分。

frexp                       返回輸入值的尾數和指數

fwidth                     返回 abs ( ddx (x) + abs ( ddy(x))。

isfinite                     如果輸入值為有限值則返回true，否則返回false。

isinf                        如何輸入值為無限的則返回true。

isnan                       如果輸入值為NAN或QNAN則返回true。

ldexp                       frexp的逆運算，返回 x * 2 ^ exp。

len / lenth                返回輸入向量的長度。

lerp                         對輸入值進行插值計算。

lit                            返回光照向量（環境光線，漫反射光，鏡面高光，1）。

log                          返回以e為底的對數。

log10                      返回以10為底的對數。

log2                        返回以2為底的對數。

max                        返回兩個輸入值中較大的一個。

min                         返回兩個輸入值中較小的一個。

modf                       把輸入值分解為整數和小數部分。

mul                         返回輸入矩陣相乘的積。

normalize                 返回正常化的向量，定義為 x / length(x)。

pow                        返回輸入值的指定次冪。

radians                    角度到弧度的轉換。

reflect                     返回入射光線i對錶面法線n的反射光線。

refract                     返回在入射光線i，表面法線n，折射率為eta下的折射光線v。

round                      返回最接近於輸入值的整數。

rsqrt                       返回輸入值平方根的倒數。

saturate                   把輸入值限制到[0, 1]之間。

sign                        計算輸入值的符號。

sin                          計算輸入值的正弦值。

sincos                     返回輸入值的正弦和餘弦值。

sinh                        返回x的雙曲正弦。

smoothstep              返回一個在輸入值之間平穩變化的插值。

sqrt                         返回輸入值的平方根。

step                        返回（x >= a）? 1 : 0。

tan                          返回輸入值的正切值。

fanh                        返回輸入值的雙曲線切線。

transpose                 返回輸入矩陣的轉置。

tex1D*                    1D紋理查詢。

tex2D*                    2D紋理查詢。

tex3D*                    3D紋理查詢。

texCUBE*                立方紋理查詢。