Intent和intent-filter用法

IntentFilter
簡述：結構化描述intent匹配的資訊。包含：action，categories and data(via type,scheme ,path),還有priority, to order multiple matching filters.
       IntentFilter 中如果action為空白，則視為萬用字元，如果type為空白，則intent必須不設type，否則匹配不上。
       data被分為3個屬性：type,scheme,authority/path 任何設定的屬性intent必須匹配上。
                           設定了scheme 而沒設type,則intent也必須類似，不能設定type，也不能是content: URI.
                           設定了type而沒設scheme：將匹配上沒有URI的intent，或者content:,file:的uri。
                           設定了authority:必須指定一個或多個相關聯的schemes
                           設定了path：唏噓指定一個或多個相關聯的schemes
       匹配規則：
           IntentFilter 匹配Intent的上的條件：
           Action : 值相同 ,或則IntentFilter未指定action.
           DataType:. 系統通過調用Intent.resolve(ContentResolver)擷取type，萬用字元*
                     在Intent/IntentFilter的MIME type中使用，區分大小寫
           DataScheme：系統通過調用Intent. getData() and Uri.getScheme())擷取scheme, 區分大小寫
          

DataAuthority:必須有一個dataScheme匹配上且authority值匹配上，或者IntentFilter沒有定義。
Intent. getData() and Uri.getAuthority()擷取authority.
           DataPath: scheme and authority必須先匹配上 ntent. getData() and Uri.getPath（），擷取. 或者IntentFilter沒有定義
          
Categories：all of the categories in the Intent match categories given
in the filter 多餘的Categorie，不影響intent匹配，如果IntentFilter
                  沒有指定Categorie，則只能匹配上沒有Categorie的intent。

常用intent列表：
Android Intent 用法匯總
顯示網頁
-
<activity android:name="BrowserActivity" android:label="Browser"
android:launchMode="singleTask" android:alwaysRetainTaskState="true"
android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden"
android:theme="@style/BrowserTheme">
- <!--
For these schemes were not particular MIME type has been
                 supplied, we are a good candidate.
  -->
- <intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:scheme="about" />
  </intent-filter>
- <!--
  For these schemes where any of these particular MIME types
                  have been supplied, we are a good candidate.
  -->
- <intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:mimeType="text/html" />
  <data android:mimeType="text/plain" />
  <data android:mimeType="application/xhtml+xml" />
  <data android:mimeType="application/vnd.wap.xhtml+xml" />
  </intent-filter>
- <!--
We are also the main entry point of the browser.
  -->
- <intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  </intent-filter>
- <intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.WEB_SEARCH" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <data android:scheme="" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  </intent-filter>
- <intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.WEB_SEARCH" />
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.MEDIA_SEARCH" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  </intent-filter>
- <intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  </intent-filter>
  <meta-data android:name="android.app.searchable" android:resource="@xml/searchable" />
- <intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.net.http.NETWORK_STATE" />
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.PROXY_CHANGE" />
  </intent-filter>
  </activity>

1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://google.com");  
   2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);  
   3. startActivity(it); 

顯示地圖

   1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476");  
   2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);   
   3. startActivity(it);   
   4. //其他 geo URI 範例  
   5. //geo:latitude,longitude  
   6. //geo:latitude,longitude?z=zoom  
   7. //geo:0,0?q=my+street+address  
   8. //geo:0,0?q=business+near+city  
   9. //google.streetview:cbll=lat,lng&cbp=1,yaw,,pitch,zoom&mz=mapZoom 

路徑規劃

  
1. Uri uri =
Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en");  

   2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);  
   3. startActivity(it);  
   4. //where startLat, startLng, endLat, endLng are a long with 6 decimals like: 50.123456  

打電話
   1. //叫出撥號程式 
   2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:0800000123");  
   3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);  
   4. startActivity(it);  

   1. //直接打電話出去  
   2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:0800000123");  
   3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, uri);  
   4. startActivity(it);  
   5. //用這個，要在 AndroidManifest.xml 中，加上  
   6. //<uses-permission id="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />  

傳送SMS/MMS
   1. //調用簡訊程式 
   2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);  
   3. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");   
   4. it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");  
   5. startActivity(it); 

   1. //傳送訊息 
   2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto://0800000123");  
   3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);  
   4. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");  
   5. startActivity(it); 

   1. //傳送 MMS  
   2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23");  
   3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);   
   4. it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text");   
   5. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);  
   6. it.setType("image/png");   
   7. startActivity(it);  

傳送 Email
   1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com");  
   2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);  
   3. startActivity(it);  

   1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);  
   2. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com");  
   3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");  
   4. it.setType("text/plain");  
   5. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));  

   1. Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);    
   2. String[] tos={"me@abc.com"};    
   3. String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"};    
   4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);    
   5. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);    
   6. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");    
   7. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");    
   8. it.setType("message/rfc822");    
   9. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 

   1. //傳送附件
   2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);  
   3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");  
   4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3");  
   5. sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");  
   6. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 

播放多媒體
       Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3");  
       Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);  
       it.setType("audio/mp3");  
       startActivity(it); 

       Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");  
       Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);  

       startActivity(it); 

Market 相關
1.        //尋找某個應用 
2.        Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name"); 
3.        Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);  
4.        startActivity(it);  
5.        //where pkg_name is the full package path for an application 

1.        //顯示某個應用的相關資訊 
2.        Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=app_id");  
3.        Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); 
4.        startActivity(it);  
5.        //where app_id is the application ID, find the ID   
6.        //by clicking on your application on Market home   
7.        //page, and notice the ID from the address bar 

Uninstall 應用程式
1.        Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null); 
2.        Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri);   
3.        startActivity(it);