1. 啟動資料庫伺服器(posgres使用者):
- [postgres@localhost bin]$ postgres -D /opt/postgresql/data/ > /opt/postgresql/log/pg_server.log 2>&1 &
- [1] 4508
當然如果設定了環境變數
- PGDATA=/opt/postgresql/data
- export PGDATA
後,可使用pg_ctl工具進行啟動:
- [postgres@localhost log]$ pg_ctl start -l /opt/postgresql/log/pg_server.log
- pg_ctl: another server might be running; trying to start server anyway
- pg_ctl: could not start server
- Examine the log output.
- [postgres@localhost log]$
因為之前已經啟動,所以列印“another server might be running”。此時,查看日誌,有如下資訊:
- [postgres@localhost log]$ cat pg_server.log
- FATAL: lock file "postmaster.pid" already exists
- HINT: Is another postmaster (PID 4491) running in data directory "/opt/postgresql/data"?
- [postgres@localhost log]$
當然,最簡的啟動方式是:
- [postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl start
- server starting
- [postgres@localhost ~]$ LOG: database system was shut down at 2011-07-09 13:58:00 CST
- LOG: autovacuum launcher started
- LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
如果要在作業系統啟動時就啟動PG,可以在/etc/rc.d/rc.local 檔案中加以下語句:
- /opt/postgresql/bin/pg_ctl start -l /opt/postgresql/log/pg_server.log -D /opt/postgresql/data
2.關閉伺服器
最簡單方法:
- [postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl stop
- waiting for server to shut down.... done
- server stopped
與Oracle相同,在關閉時也可採用不同的模式,簡介如下:
- SIGTERM
- 不再允許新的串連,但是允許所有活躍的會話正常完成他們的工作,只有在所有會話都結束任務後才關閉。這是智能關閉。
-
- SIGINT
- 不再允許新的串連,向所有活躍伺服器發送 SIGTERM(讓它們立刻退出),然後等待所有子進程退出並關閉資料庫。這是快速關閉。
-
- SIGQUIT
- 令 postgres 向所有子進程發送 SIGQUIT 並且立即退出(所有子進程也會立即退出),而不會妥善地關閉資料庫系統。這是立即關閉。這樣做會導致下次啟動時的恢複(通過重放 WAL 日誌)。我們推薦只在緊急的時候使用這個方法。
-
- SIGKILL
- 此選項盡量不要使用,這樣會阻止伺服器清理共用記憶體和號誌資源,那樣的話你只能在啟動伺服器之前自己手工做這件事。另外,SIGKILL 直接把 postgres 殺掉,而不會等它把訊號中繼給它的子進程,因此我們還需要手工殺掉每個獨立子進程。
使用方法舉例:
- [postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl stop -o SIGTERM
- LOG: received smart shutdown request
- LOG: autovacuum launcher shutting down
- waiting for server to shut down....LOG: shutting down
- LOG: database system is shut down
- done
- server stopped
- [postgres@localhost ~]$
最快速關閉方法:kill postgres 進程
- [postgres@localhost ~]$ kill -INT `head -1 /opt/postgresql/data/postmaster.pid`
- [postgres@localhost ~]$ LOG: received fast shutdown request
- LOG: aborting any active transactions
- LOG: autovacuum launcher shutting down
- LOG: shutting down
- LOG: database system is shut down
附:postgre啟動後的進程,如下:
- [postgres@localhost ~]$ ps -ef|grep post
- root 4609 4543 0 13:57 pts/2 00:00:00 su - postgres
- postgres 4610 4609 0 13:57 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash
- postgres 4724 1 0 14:08 pts/2 00:00:00 /opt/postgresql/bin/postgres
- postgres 4726 4724 0 14:08 ? 00:00:00 postgres: writer process
- postgres 4727 4724 0 14:08 ? 00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process
- postgres 4728 4724 0 14:08 ? 00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process
- postgres 4729 4724 0 14:08 ? 00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process
- postgres 4752 4610 0 14:11 pts/2 00:00:00 ps -ef
- postgres 4753 4610 0 14:11 pts/2 00:00:00 grep post
- [postgres@localhost ~]$