Java網路連接之HttpURLConnection、HttpsURLConnection

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工具類包含兩個方法： http請求、https請求

直接看代碼：

package com.jtools;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.net.ConnectException;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.URL;import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;/** * http工具類 * @author json_wang*/public class HttpUtil {/** * 發起http請求並擷取結果 * @param requestUrl 請求地址 * @param requestMethod 請求方式（GET、POST） * @param outputStr 提交的資料       格式（例子："name=name&age=age"）  // 本文，本文內容其實跟get的URL中 ‘? ‘後的參數字串一致 * @return json字串（json格式不確定 可能是JSONObject，也可能是JSONArray，這裡用字串，在controller裡再轉化） */public static String httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {String resultStr = "";StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();try {URL url = new URL(requestUrl);HttpURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);// 佈建要求方式（GET/POST）httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);//HttpURLConnection是基於HTTP協議的，其底層通過socket通訊實現。如果不設定逾時（timeout），在網路異常的情況下，可能會導致程式僵死而不繼續往下執行httpUrlConn.setConnectTimeout(30*1000);//30s逾時httpUrlConn.setReadTimeout(10*1000);//10s逾時/*//佈建要求屬性    httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");     httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");    */        //HttpURLConnection的connect()函數，實際上只是建立了一個與伺服器的tcp串連，並沒有實際發送http請求。//get方式需要顯式串連if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)){httpUrlConn.connect();}//這種post方式，隱式自動連接// 當有資料需要提交時if (null != outputStr) {OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();// 注意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));outputStream.close();}// 將返回的輸入資料流轉換成字串InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);String str = null;while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {buffer.append(str);}bufferedReader.close();inputStreamReader.close();// 釋放資源inputStream.close();inputStream = null;httpUrlConn.disconnect();resultStr = buffer.toString();} catch (ConnectException ce) {System.out.println("server connection timed out.");} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println(requestUrl+" request error:\n"+e);}return resultStr;}/** * 發起https請求並擷取結果 *  * @param requestUrl 請求地址 * @param requestMethod 請求方式（GET、POST） * @param outputStr 提交的資料       格式（例子："name=name&age=age"）  // 本文，本文內容其實跟get的URL中 ‘? ‘後的參數字串一致 * @return json字串（json格式不確定 可能是JSONObject，也可能是JSONArray，這裡用字串，在controller裡再轉化） */public static String httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {String resultStr = "";StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();try {// 建立SSLContext對象，並使用我們指定的信任管理器初始化TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());// 從上述SSLContext對象中得到SSLSocketFactory對象SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();URL url = new URL(requestUrl);HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);// 佈建要求方式（GET/POST）httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);//HttpURLConnection是基於HTTP協議的，其底層通過socket通訊實現。如果不設定逾時（timeout），在網路異常的情況下，可能會導致程式僵死而不繼續往下執行httpUrlConn.setConnectTimeout(30*1000);//30s逾時httpUrlConn.setReadTimeout(10*1000);//10s逾時/*//佈建要求屬性    httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");     httpUrlConn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");    */        //HttpURLConnection的connect()函數，實際上只是建立了一個與伺服器的tcp串連，並沒有實際發送http請求。//get方式需要顯式串連if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)){httpUrlConn.connect();}//這種post方式，隱式自動連接// 當有資料需要提交時if (null != outputStr) {OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();// 注意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));outputStream.close();}// 將返回的輸入資料流轉換成字串InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);String str = null;while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {buffer.append(str);}bufferedReader.close();inputStreamReader.close();// 釋放資源inputStream.close();inputStream = null;httpUrlConn.disconnect();resultStr = buffer.toString();} catch (ConnectException ce) {System.out.println("server connection timed out.");} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println(requestUrl+" request error:\n"+e);}return resultStr;}public static void main(String[] args) {System.out.println(httpRequest("https://www.zhihu.com/", "GET", null));}}

輔助類：

package com.jtools;import java.security.cert.CertificateException;import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;/** * 認證信任管理器（用於https請求） */public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {return null;}}

 

附：原始碼：https://github.com/JsonShare/JTools

 

PS：Java網路連接之HttpURLConnection與HttpClient 區別及聯絡 http://blog.csdn.net/wszxl492719760/article/details/8522714

       

Java網路連接之HttpURLConnection、HttpsURLConnection