1、Runnable介面源碼:
1 public interface Runnable {2 public abstract void run();3 }
2、Thread類與Runnable介面的繼承關係
1 public class Thread implements Runnable{2 3 }
Runnable介面僅有一個run()方法,Thread類實現了Runnable介面,所以,Thread類也實現了Runnable介面。
3、建構函式
1 public Thread() {2 init(null, null, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);3 }
1 public Thread(Runnable target) {2 init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);3 }
1 public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target) {2 init(group, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);3 }
1 public Thread(String name) {2 init(null, null, name, 0);3 }
還有其它的構造方法,此處省略。。。
這裡的第三個參數是設定線程的名稱,從下面的代碼中可以看出,產生名稱的規則是:”Thread-”加上建立的線程的個數(第幾個)。
繼續查看init方法:
1 /** 2 * Initializes a Thread. 3 * 4 * @param g the Thread group 5 * @param target the object whose run() method gets called 6 * @param name the name of the new Thread 7 * @param stackSize the desired stack size for the new thread, or 8 * zero to indicate that this parameter is to be ignored. 9 */
//ThreadGroup:線程組表示一個線程的集合。此外,線程組也可以包含其他線程組。線程組構成一棵樹,在樹中,除了初始線程組外,每個線程組都有一個父線程組。 10 private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,11 long stackSize) {12 Thread parent = currentThread();13 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();14 if (g == null) {15 /* Determine if it's an applet or not */16 17 /* If there is a security manager, ask the security manager18 what to do. */19 if (security != null) {20 g = security.getThreadGroup();21 }22 23 /* If the security doesn't have a strong opinion of the matter24 use the parent thread group. */25 if (g == null) {26 g = parent.getThreadGroup();27 }28 }29 30 /* checkAccess regardless of whether or not threadgroup is31 explicitly passed in. */32 g.checkAccess();33 34 /*35 * Do we have the required permissions?36 */37 if (security != null) {38 if (isCCLOverridden(getClass())) {39 security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION);40 }41 }42 43 44 g.addUnstarted();45 46 this.group = g;
//每個線程都有一個優先順序,高優先順序線程的執行優先於低優先順序線程。每個線程都可以或不可以標記為一個精靈。當某個線程中啟動並執行代碼建立一個新 Thread 對象時,該新線程的初始優先順序被設定為建立線程的優先順序,並且若且唯若建立線程是守護線程時,新線程才是精靈。
47 this.daemon = parent.isDaemon();48 this.priority = parent.getPriority();49 this.name = name.toCharArray();50 if (security == null || isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass()))51 this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader();52 else53 this.contextClassLoader = parent.contextClassLoader;54 this.inheritedAccessControlContext = AccessController.getContext();55 this.target = target;56 setPriority(priority);57 if (parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)58 this.inheritableThreadLocals =59 ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);60 /* Stash the specified stack size in case the VM cares */61 this.stackSize = stackSize;62 63 /* Set thread ID */64 tid = nextThreadID();65 }
初始化時設定了是否為守護線程,優先順序,初始化名稱。
4、Thread的start方法的實現:
1 public synchronized void start() { 2 /** 3 * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system" 4 * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added 5 * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM. 6 * 7 * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW". 8 */ 9 if (threadStatus != 0)10 throw new IllegalThreadStateException();11 group.add(this);12 start0();13 if (stopBeforeStart) {14 stop0(throwableFromStop);15 }16 }
這裡主要的是start0方法;查看其實現:
1 private native void start0();
這裡使用了本地調用,通過C代碼初始化線程需要的系統資源。可見,線程底層的實現是通過C代碼去完成的。
4、Thread的run方法的實現
1 public void run() {2 if (target != null) {3 target.run();4 }5 }
這裡的target實際上要儲存的是一個Runnable介面的實現的引用:
1 private Runnable target;
所以使用繼承Thread建立線程類時,需要重寫run方法,因為預設的run方法什麼也不幹。
而當我們使用Runnable介面實現線程類時,為了啟動線程,需要先把該線程類執行個體初始化一個Thread,實際上就執行了如下建構函式:
1 public Thread(Runnable target) {2 init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);3 }
即是把線程類的引用儲存到target中。這樣,當調用Thread的run方法時,target就不為空白了,而是繼續調用了target的run方法,所以我們需要實現Runnable的run方法。這樣通過Thread的run方法就調用到了Runnable實作類別中的run方法。
這也是Runnable介面實現的線程類需要這樣啟動的原因。