java：http請求（代碼詳解）

java原生API

public class HttpRequest {      /**     * 向指定URL發送GET方法的請求     *      * @param url     *            發送請求的URL     * @param param     *            請求參數，請求參數應該是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。     * @return URL 所代表遠端資源的響應結果     */    public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {        String result = "";        BufferedReader in = null;        try {            String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;            URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);            // 開啟和URL之間的串連            URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();            // 設定通用的請求屬性            connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");            connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");            connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent",                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");            // 建立實際的串連            connection.connect();            // 擷取所有回應標頭欄位            Map<String, List<String>> map = connection.getHeaderFields();            // 遍曆所有的回應標頭欄位            for (String key : map.keySet()) {                System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));            }            // 定義 BufferedReader輸入資料流來讀取URL的響應            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(                    connection.getInputStream()));            String line;            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {                result += line;            }        } catch (Exception e) {            System.out.println("發送GET請求出現異常！" + e);            e.printStackTrace();        }        // 使用finally塊來關閉輸入資料流        finally {            try {                if (in != null) {                    in.close();                }            } catch (Exception e2) {                e2.printStackTrace();            }        }        return result;    }    /**     * 向指定 URL 發送POST方法的請求     *      * @param url     *            發送請求的 URL     * @param param     *            請求參數，請求參數應該是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。     * @return 所代表遠端資源的響應結果     */    public static String sendPost(String url, String param) {        PrintWriter out = null;        BufferedReader in = null;        String result = "";        try {            URL realUrl = new URL(url);            // 開啟和URL之間的串連            URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();            // 設定通用的請求屬性            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");            // 發送POST請求必須設定如下兩行            conn.setDoOutput(true);            conn.setDoInput(true);            // 擷取URLConnection對象對應的輸出資料流            out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());            // 發送請求參數            out.print(param);            // flush輸出資料流的緩衝            out.flush();            // 定義BufferedReader輸入資料流來讀取URL的響應            in = new BufferedReader(                    new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));            String line;            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {                result += line;            }        } catch (Exception e) {            System.out.println("發送 POST 請求出現異常！"+e);            e.printStackTrace();        }        //使用finally塊來關閉輸出資料流、輸入資料流        finally{            try{                if(out!=null){                    out.close();                }                if(in!=null){                    in.close();                }            }            catch(IOException ex){                ex.printStackTrace();            }        }        return result;    }        /**     * @param args     */    public static void main(String[] args) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub          //發送 GET 請求//        String s=HttpRequest.sendGet("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo", "mobileCode=13069208531&userID=");//        System.out.println(s);        //發送 POST 請求        String sr=HttpRequest.sendPost("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo", "mobileCode=13069208531&userID=");        System.out.println(sr);    }}

httpclient 需要jar包：

public class HTTPUtils {     private final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HTTPUtils.class);     private final static String OPERATER_NAME = "【HTTP操作】";     private final static int SUCCESS = 200;     private final static String UTF8 = "UTF-8";     private HttpClient client;     private final String respondTypeXML = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";     private final String respondTypeJSON = "application/json;charse=UTF-8";     private static HTTPUtils instance = new HTTPUtils();     private HTTPUtils() {         HttpConnectionManager httpConnectionManager = new MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager();         HttpConnectionManagerParams params = httpConnectionManager.getParams();         params.setConnectionTimeout(5000);         params.setSoTimeout(20000);         params.setDefaultMaxConnectionsPerHost(1000);         params.setMaxTotalConnections(1000);         client = new HttpClient(httpConnectionManager);         client.getParams().setContentCharset(UTF8);         client.getParams().setHttpElementCharset(UTF8);         }     public static String get(URL url) {         return instance.doGet(url);         }    private String doGet(URL url) {        long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();        String respStr = "";        HttpMethod method = null;        try {            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "開始get通訊，目標host:" + url);            method = new GetMethod(url.toString());            // 中文轉碼            method.getParams().setContentCharset(UTF8);            try {                client.executeMethod(method);            } catch (HttpException e) {                logger.error(new StringBuffer("發送HTTP GET給\r\n").append(url)                        .append("\r\nHTTP異常\r\n"), e);            } catch (IOException e) {                logger.error(new StringBuffer("發送HTTP GET給\r\n").append(url)                        .append("\r\nIO異常\r\n"), e);            }            if (method.getStatusCode() == SUCCESS) {                respStr = method.getResponseBodyAsString();            }            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "通訊完成，返回碼：" + method.getStatusCode());            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "返回內容："                    + method.getResponseBodyAsString());            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "結束..返回結果:" + respStr);        } catch (Exception e) {            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME, e);        }finally{            if(method != null){                method.releaseConnection();            }        }        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();        logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "共計耗時:" + (endTime - beginTime) + "ms");        return respStr;    }    /**     * POST請求     */    public static String post(URL url, String content) {        return instance.doPost(url, content);    }    private String doPost(URL url, String content) {        long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();        String respStr = "";        PostMethod post = null;        try {            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "開始post通訊，目標host:" + url.toString());            logger.info("通訊內容:" + content);            post = new PostMethod(url.toString());            RequestEntity requestEntity = new StringRequestEntity(content,                    respondTypeXML, UTF8);            post.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);            // 設定格式            post.getParams().setContentCharset(UTF8);            client.executeMethod(post);            if (post.getStatusCode() == SUCCESS) {                respStr = post.getResponseBodyAsString();            }            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "通訊完成，返回碼：" + post.getStatusCode());            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "返回內容："                    + post.getResponseBodyAsString());            logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "結束..返回結果:" + respStr);            post.releaseConnection();        } catch (Exception e) {            logger.error(OPERATER_NAME, e);        }finally{            if(post != null){                post.releaseConnection();            }        }        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();        logger.info(OPERATER_NAME + "共計耗時:" + (endTime - beginTime) + "ms");        return respStr;    }    /**     * @param args     * @throws MalformedURLException     */    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        JSONObject json = new JSONObject();        json.put("mobileCode", "13069208531");        json.put("userID", "");        URL url = new URL("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo");//      URL url = new URL("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx"//              + "/getMobileCodeInfo?mobileCode=13069208531&userID=");            String resp = post(url, json.toString());        //String resp = get(url);        System.out.println("resp:"+resp);    }}

httpclient:

public class HttpClientUtil {    public static void get(String number) throws Exception{        HttpClient client = new HttpClient();        GetMethod get = new GetMethod("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx"                + "/getMobileCodeInfo?mobileCode=" + number + "&userID=");        // 指定傳輸的格式為get請求格式        get.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset=utf-8");        // 發送請求        int code = client.executeMethod(get);        System.out.println("Http:狀態代碼為：" + code);        String result = get.getResponseBodyAsString();        System.out.println("返回的結果為：" + result);    }    public static void post(String number) throws Exception {        //HttpClient：在java代碼中類比Http請求        // 建立瀏覽器對象        HttpClient client = new HttpClient();        // 填寫資料，發送get或者post請求        PostMethod post = new PostMethod("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo");        // 指定傳輸的格式為預設post格式        post.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");             // 傳輸參數        post.setParameter("mobileCode", number);        post.setParameter("userID", "");        // 發送請求        int code = client.executeMethod(post);        System.out.println("Http:狀態代碼為：" + code);        String result = post.getResponseBodyAsString();        System.out.println("返回的結果為：" + result);    }    /**     * @Description soap post方式請求，但是傳輸的資料為xml格式，有利於資料的維護     * @param number     * @throws Exception     */    //它有兩個版本soap1.1和soap1.2，jdk1.7及以上才可以使用soap1.2。    public void soap(String number) throws Exception {        //HttpClient：在java代碼中類比Http請求        // 建立瀏覽器對象        HttpClient client = new HttpClient();        // 填寫資料，發送get或者post請求        PostMethod post = new PostMethod("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx");        // 指定傳輸的格式為xml格式        post.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/soap+xml;charset=utf-8");        // 傳輸xml，載入soap.txt       InputStream in = HttpClientUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("/soap.txt");//傳回值是一個InputStream        post.setRequestBody(in);        // 發送請求        int code = client.executeMethod(post);        System.out.println("Http:狀態代碼為：" + code);        String result = post.getResponseBodyAsString();        // 如果採用的是soap，則返回的資料也是基於xml的soap格式        System.out.println("返回的結果為：" + result);    }    //wsimport -s . -p com.hexy.ws http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx?WSDL     public static void wsdl(){        // 擷取一個ws服務        MobileCodeWS ws = new MobileCodeWS();        // 擷取具體的服務類型：get post soap1.1 soap1.2        MobileCodeWSSoap wsSoap = ws.getMobileCodeWSSoap();        String address = wsSoap.getMobileCodeInfo("18312345678", null);        System.out.println("手機歸屬地資訊為：" + address);    }    /**     * @param args     * @throws Exception      */    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        post("18312345678");        //wsdl();        //soap("18312345678");    }}

soap.txt

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">  <soap12:Body>    <getMobileCodeInfo xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">      <mobileCode>13069208531</mobileCode>      <userID></userID>    </getMobileCodeInfo>  </soap12:Body></soap12:Envelope>