牛刀小試Oracle之ORACLE 11GR2 RAC安裝配置--先決設定階段_PHP教程

牛刀小試Oracle之ORACLE 11GR2 RAC安裝配置--先決設定階段

基於VMwarevCenter Server中的Linux RedHat 6.4 安裝Oracle 11GR2 11.2.0.4 RAC叢集

1.網路規劃

其中public和private要劃分到不同的網段。保證安全傳輸

[root@Zracnode1~]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomainlocalhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

10.2.13.80 zracnode1

10.2.13.81 zracnode2

10.2.13.82 zracnode1-vip

10.2.13.83 zracnode2-vip

10.2.12.140 zracnode1-priv

10.2.12.141 zracnode2-priv

10.2.13.142 zrac-scan

10.2.13.143 zrac-scan

10.2.13.144 zrac-scan

2.作業系統設定

*.安裝的作業系統是LinuxRedhat 6.4

*.磁碟劃分配置

磁碟目錄	磁碟大小
/	30GB
swap	16GB
/u01	100GB

3.共用磁碟設定

共用磁碟配置有多種方式，nfs，磁碟陣列直接映射劃分，我這裡採用的是通過vmware vCenter server上的共用磁碟技術，操作步驟如下：

3.1. 需要對SCSI 控制器，進行配置。對匯流排配置為[物理]模式。參數解釋如下：

選項	描述
無	其他虛擬機器不能共用虛擬磁碟。
虛擬	同一台伺服器上的虛擬機器可以共用虛擬磁碟。
物理	任何伺服器上的虛擬機器均可共用虛擬磁碟。

3.2 建立SCSI controller 1控制器，並設定相關參數，VmwarevCenter操作頁面如下：

3.3 建立硬碟，硬碟類型為[Thick provision eager zeroed].並且設定virtual Device Node為[SCSI(1:0)].在設定磁碟模式為[Independent-Persistent].操作頁面如下：

3.4 添加已存在磁碟，在ZRAC02節點上面，添加磁碟。操作頁面如下：

4. 安裝RAC

4.1 先決條件

4.1.1 yum配置

掛載鏡像配置yum

mount -oloop -t iso9660 /u01/software/rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso /u01/iso

[root@Zracnode1u01]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo

[Server]

name=Server

baseurl=file:///u01/iso

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///u01/iso/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

4.1.2 vnc配置

VNC在Linux上的安裝

#yuminstall tigervnc-server

#vncserver #該命令在伺服器端啟動一個VNC進程。允許一個

VNC View串連進來；如果需要多個View串連到伺服器，需要多次執行上述命令；

Password: # 為了不想任何人都可以任意遙控此電腦。因此當第1次啟動VNC server時，會要求設定網路遙控的密碼。

Verify: # 驗證密碼；

進入root主目錄下的.vnc隱含目錄, 找到 xstartup檔案並編輯：

# cd/root/.vnc

# vi xstartup

# twm& （注釋掉該行）

startkde& （添加該行）

# killallXvnc

#vncserver

4.2 配置/etc/hosts檔案（所有節點）

[root@rac01network-scripts]# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomainlocalhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

10.2.13.80 Zracnode1

10.2.13.81 Zracnode2

10.2.13.82 Zracnode1-vip

10.2.13.83 Zracnode2-vip

10.2.13.140 Zracnode1-priv

10.2.13.141 Zracnode2-priv

10.2.13.142 Zrac-scan

4.3 添加組合使用者(所有節點)

groupadd -g500 oinstall

groupadd -g501 dba

groupadd -g502 oper

groupadd -g503 asmadmin

groupadd -g504 asmoper

groupadd -g505 asmdba

useradd -goinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle

useradd -goinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid

檢測使用者oracle和grid

[root@rac1~]# id oracle

uid=500(oracle)gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba),502(oper),505(asmdba)

[root@rac1~]# id grid

uid=501(grid)gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba),502(oper),503(asmadmin),504(asmoper),505(asmdba)

對使用者oracle和grid設定密碼

[root@rac1~]# passwd oracle

[root@rac1~]# passwd grid

4.4.建立目錄(所有節點)

mkdir/u01/app

chown -Rgrid:oinstall /u01/app/

chmod -R 775/u01/app/

mkdir -p/u01/app/oraInventory

chown -Rgrid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory/

chmod -R 775/u01/app/oraInventory/

mkdir -p/u01/app/grid

mkdir -p/u01/app/oracle

chown -Rgrid:oinstall /u01/app/grid/

chown -Roracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/

chmod -R 775/u01/app/grid/

chmod -R 775/u01/app/oracle/

4.5. 修改核心參數(所有節點)

[root@rac01~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# for oracle11g

fs.aio-max-nr= 1048576

fs.file-max =6815744

kernel.shmall= 2147483648

kernel.shmmax= 68719476736

kernel.shmmni= 4096

kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default= 262144

net.core.rmem_max= 4194304

net.core.wmem_default= 262144

net.core.wmem_max= 1048586

使修改參數立即生效：

[root@rac01~]# /sbin/sysctl -p

[root@rac01~]# /etc/security/limits.conf

grid soft nproc 2047

grid hard nproc 16384

grid soft nofile 1024

grid hard nofile 65536

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

[root@rac01~]# /etc/pam.d/login

session required pam_limits.so

[root@rac01 ~]#/etc/profile

if [ $USER ="oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

umask 022

fi

4.6 .禁用防火牆和SELINUX(所有節點)

serviceiptables stop

chkconfigiptables off

chkconfigiptables --list

setenforce 0

sed -i's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

4.7 .檢查安裝包

rpm -q --qf'%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' binutils \

compat-libstdc++-33\

elfutils-libelf\

elfutils-libelf-devel\

gcc \

gcc-c++ \

glibc \

glibc-common\

glibc-devel \

glibc-headers\

ksh \

libaio \

libaio-devel\

libgcc \

libstdc++ \

libstdc++-devel\

make \

sysstat \

unixODBC \

4.8 .配置使用者環境變數(grid和oracle使用者_所有節點)

grid使用者：

[grid@rac01 ~]# vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1/+ASM2

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/11.2

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

oracle使用者：

[oracle@rac01 ~]# vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=racdb1/racdb2

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2/db_1

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

4.9. ASM磁碟組規劃&分區

4.9.1 使用fdisk劃分磁碟，如下：

[root@rac01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

劃分效果如下：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 83 Linux //CRS1 900M

/dev/sdb2 133 264 1060290 83 Linux //CRS2 900M

/dev/sdb3 265 396 1060290 83 Linux //CRS3 900M

/dev/sdb4 397 13054 101675385 5 Extended

/dev/sdb5 397 3008 20980858+ 83 Linux //DATA1 30GB

/dev/sdb6 3009 5620 20980858+ 83 Linux //DATA2 30GB

/dev/sdb7 5621 8232 20980858+ 83 Linux //DATA3 30GB

/dev/sdb8 8233 9538 10490413+ 83 Linux //REC1 30GB

/dev/sdb9 9539 13054 28242238+ 83 Linux //REC2 30GB

4.9.2 安裝asm

[root@rac02software]# rpm -ivh kmod-oracleasm-2.0.6.rh1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning:kmod-oracleasm-2.0.6.rh1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, keyID fd431d51: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:kmod-oracleasm ########################################### [100%]

[root@rac02 software]# rpm -ivhoracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning: oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm:Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:oracleasm-support ########################################### [100%]

[root@rac02 software]# rpm -ivhoracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning:oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key IDec551f03: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:oracleasmlib ###########################################[100%]

4.9.3 配置asm

RAC01執行下列操作:

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmconfigure

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmconfigure

Default user to own the driver interface[]: grid

Default group to own the driver interface[]: asmadmin

Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot(y/n) [n]: y

Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n)[y]: y

Writing Oracle ASM library driverconfiguration: done

Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ]

Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLibdisks: [ OK ]

RAC02執行下列操作:

[root@rac02 software]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmconfigure

Default user to own the driver interface[]: grid

Default group to own the driver interface[]: asmadmin

Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot(y/n) [n]: y

Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n)[y]: y

Writing Oracle ASM library driverconfiguration: done

Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ]

Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLibdisks: [ OK ]

以下操作在rac其中一個節點上進行，我在rac1上操作

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk CRS1 /dev/sdb1

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk CRS2 /dev/sdb2

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk CRS3 /dev/sdb3

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk DATA1 /dev/sdb5

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk DATA2 /dev/sdb6

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk DATA3 /dev/sdb7

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk REC1 /dev/sdb8

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk REC2 /dev/sdb9

以下操作在另一個節點上進行，RAC2上操作

[root@rac02 software]# oracleasm scandisks

Reloading disk partitions: done

Cleaning any stale ASM disks...

Scanning system for ASM disks...

[root@Zracnode2 software]# oracleasmlistdisks

CRS1

CRS2

CRS3

DATA1

DATA2

DATA3

REC1

REC2

4.10.grid和oracle使用者配置SSH互信

為ssh和scp建立串連

ls -l /usr/local/bin/ssh

ls -l /usr/local/bin/scp

不存在則建立

[root@rac01 ~]# /bin/ln -s /usr/bin/ssh/usr/local/bin/ssh

[root@rac01 ~]# /bin/ln -s /usr/bin/scp/usr/local/bin/scp

為grid使用者配置SSH：

在每個節點上：

[root@rac01 ~]# su – grid

[grid@rac01 ~]# mkdir ~/.ssh

[grid@rac01 ~]#cd .ssh

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa

在節點1上：

[grid@rac01 ~]# touch authorized_keys

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 cat/home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 cat/home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 cat /home/grid/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>> authorized_keys

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 cat/home/grid/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys

[grid@rac01 ~]# scp authorized_keysrac02:/home/grid/.ssh/

分別在每個節點上:

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 date

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 date

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh-agent $SHELL

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh-add

為oracle使用者配置SSH：

在每個節點上：

[root@rac01 ~]# su – oracle

[oracle@rac01 ~]# mkdir ~/.ssh

[oracle@rac01 ~]#cd .ssh

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa

在節點1上：

[oracle@rac01 ~]# touch authorized_keys

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>> authorized_keys

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>> authorized_keys

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>> authorized_keys

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>> authorized_keys

[oracle@rac01 ~]# scp authorized_keysrac02:/home/oracle/.ssh/

分別在每個節點上:

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 date

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 date

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh-agent $SHELL

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh-add

4.11.配置NTP

[root@rac01 ~]#vi /etc/ntp.conf

...

#server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org

#server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org

#server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org

server xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

#server127.127.1.0 # local clock

#fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10

[root@rac01 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/ntpd

# Drop root to id 'ntp:ntp' by default.

OPTIONS="-x -u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid"

# Set to 'yes' to sync hw clock aftersuccessful ntpdate

SYNC_HWCLOCK=yes

# Additional options for ntpdate

NTPDATE_OPTIONS=""

啟動

[root@rac01 ~]# chkconfig ntpd on

[root@rac01 ~]# service ntpd start

[root@rac01 ~]# ntpdate -d -u xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

啟用name service cache daemon

[root@rac01 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 nscdon

[root@rac01 ~]# service nscd restart

-----------後面兩個階段，分別是GI安裝和oracle安裝，未完待續！~

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