linux學習命令總結④

標籤：linux

#ls命令：通過ls 命令不僅可以查看linux檔案夾包含的檔案，而且可以查看檔案許可權(包括目錄、檔案夾、檔案許可權)，查看目錄資訊等等

[[email protected]_168_102_centos /]# lsbin   data  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  sbin     srv  tmp  varboot  dev   home  lib64  media       opt  root  selinux  sys  usr

ls –a：顯示所有檔案，包含.開頭的隱藏檔案

[[email protected]_168_102_centos /]# ls -a.             .readahead_collect  dev   lib64       opt   selinux  usr..            bin                 etc   lost+found  proc  srv      var.autofsck     boot                home  media       root  sys.autorelabel  data                lib   mnt         sbin  tmp

ls –l：列出檔案的詳細資料

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -ltotal 24drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:45 asrwxrwxrwx 1 root    root    0 Aug  9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock-rw------- 1 root    root  105 Aug  2 11:36 ap_1002.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 09:48 ap_1004.pid-rw------- 1 root    root  103 Aug  2 11:36 ap_1005.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 10:51 ap_1007.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 10:09 ap_1008.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  4 13:58 ap_1014.piddrwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:44 ceshid //檔案類型  rwxr-xr-x //檔案許可權 3 //永久連結數 wanghan //屬主 root //屬組 4096 Aug  4 20:41 //最近一次修改時間 wanghan //檔案名稱

ls –d：顯示目錄自身的資訊，結合-l使用直接查看目錄自身詳細資料

[[email protected]_168_102_centos etc]# ls -d.[[email protected]_168_102_centos etc]# ls -lddrwxr-xr-x 75 root root 4096 Aug  9 03:28 .[[email protected]_168_102_centos etc]#

ls -r：逆序顯示

drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:45 asrwxrwxrwx 1 root    root    0 Aug  9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock-rw------- 1 root    root  105 Aug  2 11:36 ap_1002.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 09:48 ap_1004.pid-rw------- 1 root    root  103 Aug  2 11:36 ap_1005.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 10:51 ap_1007.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 10:09 ap_1008.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  4 13:58 ap_1014.piddrwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:44 ceshidrwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:41 wanghan[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -rltotal 24drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:41 wanghandrwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:44 ceshi-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  4 13:58 ap_1014.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 10:09 ap_1008.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 10:51 ap_1007.pid-rw------- 1 root    root  103 Aug  2 11:36 ap_1005.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 09:48 ap_1004.pid-rw------- 1 root    root  105 Aug  2 11:36 ap_1002.pidsrwxrwxrwx 1 root    root    0 Aug  9 10:05 agent_cmd.sockdrwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:45 adrwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]#

ls -R：同時顯示其下子目錄檔案

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cd a[[email protected]_168_102_centos a]# lsb[[email protected]_168_102_centos a]# ls -R.:b./b:c./b/c:d./b/c/d:e./b/c/d/e:f./b/c/d/e/f:abcd./b/c/d/e/f/abcd:[[email protected]_168_102_centos a]#

ls -h：以容易理解的方式顯示檔案大小

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -ltotal 24drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:45 adrwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:44 ceshidrwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:41 wanghan[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -lhtotal 24Kdrwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4.0K Aug  4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4.0K Aug  4 20:45 adrwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4.0K Aug  4 20:44 ceshidrwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4.0K Aug  4 20:41 wanghan

ls -i：顯示出檔案inode號

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -litotal 24458762 drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053458767 drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:45 a458758 srwxrwxrwx 1 root    root    0 Aug  9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock458755 -rw------- 1 root    root  105 Aug  2 11:36 ap_1002.pid458756 -rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 09:48 ap_1004.pid458759 -rw------- 1 root    root  103 Aug  2 11:36 ap_1005.pid458760 -rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 10:51 ap_1007.pid458757 -rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 10:09 ap_1008.pid458761 -rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  4 13:58 ap_1014.pid458766 drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:44 ceshi458764 drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:41 wanghan// 458764 inode號

#tree命令：顯示磁碟目錄結構

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# tree.|-- 2014-08-04-212053|-- a|   `-- b|       `-- c|           `-- d|               `-- e|                   `-- f|                       `-- abcd|-- agent_cmd.sock|-- ap_1002.pid|-- ap_1004.pid|-- ap_1005.pid|-- ap_1007.pid|-- ap_1008.pid|-- ap_1014.pid|-- ceshi`-- wanghan    `-- test11 directories, 7 files[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]#

tree –L #：顯示目前的目錄下指定最大深度的目錄結構

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# tree -L 1.|-- 2014-08-04-212053|-- a|-- agent_cmd.sock|-- ap_1002.pid|-- ap_1004.pid|-- ap_1005.pid|-- ap_1007.pid|-- ap_1008.pid|-- ap_1014.pid|-- ceshi`-- wanghan4 directories, 7 files[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# tree -L 2.|-- 2014-08-04-212053|-- a|   `-- b|-- agent_cmd.sock|-- ap_1002.pid|-- ap_1004.pid|-- ap_1005.pid|-- ap_1007.pid|-- ap_1008.pid|-- ap_1014.pid|-- ceshi`-- wanghan    `-- test6 directories, 7 files[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]#

#alias命令：設定指令別名

單獨使用alias直接顯示當前shell中定義的所喲別名

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# aliasalias cp=‘cp -i‘alias l.=‘ls -d .* --color=auto‘alias ll=‘ls -l --color=auto‘alias ls=‘ls --color=auto‘alias mv=‘mv -i‘alias rm=‘rm -i‘alias which=‘alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde‘[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]#

定義指令別名：

alias 別名=‘原始指令’

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# alias test=ls  [[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# test2014-08-04-212053  a  agent_cmd.sock  ap_1002.pid  ap_1004.pid  ap_1005.pid  ap_1007.pid  ap_1008.pid  ap_1014.pid  ceshi  wanghan[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# alias test=‘ls -l‘[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# testtotal 24drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 21:21 2014-08-04-212053drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:45 asrwxrwxrwx 1 root    root    0 Aug  9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock-rw------- 1 root    root  105 Aug  2 11:36 ap_1002.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 09:48 ap_1004.pid-rw------- 1 root    root  103 Aug  2 11:36 ap_1005.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 10:51 ap_1007.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  2 10:09 ap_1008.pid-rw------- 1 root    root    0 Aug  4 13:58 ap_1014.piddrwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:44 ceshidrwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan root 4096 Aug  4 20:41 wanghan[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]#

取消指令別名：

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# unalias test[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# tes