linux多網卡綁定相關教程

linux多網卡綁定相關教程

實驗環境：Redhat Enterprise Linux 5.2 VMware workstation 7

圖一　實驗環境網卡配置：三塊虛擬網卡，工作在NAT模式

　　一、配置三個網卡及bond0

[root@redhat5 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[root@redhat5 network-scripts]# ls | grep ifcfg
ifcfg-bond0
ifcfg-eth0
ifcfg-eth1
ifcfg-eth2
ifcfg-lo
[root@redhat5 network-scripts]#

　　用vi編輯器編輯ifcfg-eth0，在原因的基礎上保保留三個參數的配置即可：DEVICE=eth0，BOOTPROTO=static及ONBOOT=yes，其它的
參數值用#號注釋掉或直接刪除。

[root@redhat5 network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eth0

# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
#BROADCAST=192.168.249.255
#HWADDR=00:0C:29:42:42:61
#IPADDR=192.168.249.2
#IPV6INIT=yes
#IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
#NETMASK=255.255.255.0
#NETWORK=192.168.249.0
ONBOOT=yes
~
~
~

"ifcfg-eth0" 11L, 248C

　　其它的兩個網卡eth1與eth2的配置與eth0的一樣：

[root@redhat5 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth1
# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]
DEVICE=eth1
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
#HWADDR=00:0c:29:42:42:6b
[root@redhat5 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth2
# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]
DEVICE=eth2
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
#HWADDR=00:0c:29:42:42:75

　　以某個網卡為模板建立bond0的設定檔ifcfg-bond0:

[root@redhat5 network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 bond0

　　用vi編輯修改ifcfg-bond0，內容如下，保留DEVICE=bond0，BOOTPROTO=static，IPADDR=192.168.249.2,NETMASK=255.255.2550即可。
[root@redhat5 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-bond0
# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]
DEVICE=bond0
BOOTPROTO=static
#BROADCAST=192.168.249.255
#HWADDR=00:0C:29:42:42:61
IPADDR=192.168.249.2
#IPV6INIT=yes
#IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
#NETWORK=192.168.249.0
ONBOOT=yes

　　二、編輯/etc/modprobe.conf檔案

　　在/etc/modprobe.conf檔案中添加兩行內容：
alias bond0 bonding
options bond0 miimon=100 mode=1

[root@redhat5 /]# cat /etc/modprobe.conf
alias eth0 pcnet32
alias scsi_hostadapter mptbase
alias scsi_hostadapter1 mptspi
alias scsi_hostadapter2 ata_piix
alias snd-card-0 snd-ens1371
options snd-card-0 index=0
options snd-ens1371 index=0
remove snd-ens1371 { /usr/sbin/alsactl store 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 || : ; }; /sbin/modprobe -r --ignore-remove snd-ens1371
alias eth1 pcnet32
alias eth2 pcnet32
alias bond0 bonding
options bond0 miimon=100 mode=1
[root@redhat5 /]#

　　miimon=100表示網卡狀態的檢測時間是100毫秒。 mode參數表網路綁定的模式，模式１是三個網卡中只有一個網卡工作，其它的兩個做備份。

　　三、最後一步讓綁定生效

　　service network restart對網卡及bond0介面等配置生效
[root@redhat5 /]# service network restart
Shutting down interface bond0: [ OK ]
Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ]
Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ]
Shutting down interface eth2: [ OK ]
Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface bond0: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth1: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth2: [ OK ]
[root@redhat5 /]#

　　運行ifenslave bond0 eth0 eth1 eth2

[root@redhat5 /]# ifenslave bond0 eth0 eth1 eth2

為了讓下次重啟系統能夠自動運行ifenslave命令，要執行下面命令：
[root@redhat5 init.d]# echo 'ifenslave bond0 eth0 eth1 eth2' >> /etc/rc.local

檢驗一下：
[root@redhat5 /]# cat /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
ifenslave bond0 eth0 eth1 eth2

　　上面這條命令的意思是bond0為主網卡，其它的為從網卡，其中eth0是當前活動的從網卡，即eth0用來通訊。查看bond0資訊：
[root@redhat5 /]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.2.4 (January 28, 2008)

Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
Primary Slave: None
Currently Active Slave: eth0
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:61

Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:6b

Slave Interface: eth2
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:75

　　檢查綁定效果，用host機不停地向虛擬機器發送icmp資料包，依次down eth0、 eth1，看看網路是否還能連通。

圖二 ping虛擬機器

圖三　斷開虛擬機器的eth0、eth1的網卡

圖四　每斷開一個網卡會丟一個icmp資料包

　　當把eth0、eth1斷開後，當前的活動網卡就是eth2了，
[root@redhat5 /]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.2.4 (January 28, 2008)

Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
Primary Slave: None
Currently Active Slave: eth2
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: down
Link Failure Count: 1
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:61

Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: down
Link Failure Count: 1
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:6b

Slave Interface: eth2
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:75
[root@redhat5 /]#

　　四、多網卡綁定，實現負載平衡

　　修改/etc/modprobe.conf檔案，mode=0，把繫結模式修改為負載平衡(round-robin)。

[root@redhat5 ~]# cat /etc/modprobe.conf
alias eth0 pcnet32
alias scsi_hostadapter mptbase
alias scsi_hostadapter1 mptspi
alias scsi_hostadapter2 ata_piix
alias snd-card-0 snd-ens1371
options snd-card-0 index=0
options snd-ens1371 index=0
remove snd-ens1371 { /usr/sbin/alsactl store 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 || : ; }; /sbin/modprobe -r --ignore-remove snd-ens1371
alias eth1 pcnet32
alias eth2 pcnet32
alias bond0 bonding
options bond0 miimon=100 mode=0

[root@redhat5 ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.2.4 (January 28, 2008)

Bonding Mode: load balancing (round-robin)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:61

Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:6b

Slave Interface: eth2
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:75

　　其它模式：
mode=2
[root@redhat5 ~]# cap /proc/net/bonding/bond0
-bash: cap: command not found
[root@redhat5 ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.2.4 (January 28, 2008)

Bonding Mode: load balancing (xor)
Transmit Hash Policy: layer2 (0)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:61

Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: down
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:6b

Slave Interface: eth2
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:75
mode=3
[root@redhat5 ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.2.4 (January 28, 2008)

Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (broadcast)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:61

Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:6b

Slave Interface: eth2
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:75

mode=4
[root@redhat5 ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.2.4 (January 28, 2008)

Bonding Mode: IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation
Transmit Hash Policy: layer2 (0)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

802.3ad info
LACP rate: slow
Active Aggregator Info:
Aggregator ID: 1
Number of ports: 1
Actor Key: 9
Partner Key: 1
Partner Mac Address: 00:00:00:00:00:00

Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:61
Aggregator ID: 1

Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:6b
Aggregator ID: 2

Slave Interface: eth2
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:42:42:75
Aggregator ID: 3

　　需要注意的是：當mode＝0可以實現負載平衡但不能實現容錯。這些機制是需要交換器支援的。比如：IEEE鏈路彙總協議。