現在我們來討論編寫一個指令碼的一般步驟。任何優秀的指令碼都應該具有協助和輸入參數。並且寫一個偽指令碼(framework.sh),該指令碼包含了大多數指令碼都需要的架構結構,是一個非常不錯的主意。這時候,在寫一個新的指令碼時我們只需要執行一下copy命令:
cp framework.sh myscript
然後再插入自己的函數。
讓我們再看兩個例子:
1、二進位到十進位的轉換
指令碼 b2d 將位元 (比如 1101) 轉換為相應的十進位數。這也是一個用expr命令進行數學運算的例子:
#!/bin/sh
# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et:
help()
{
cat <
b2h -- convert binary to decimal
USAGE: b2h [-h] binarynum
OPTIONS: -h help text
EXAMPLE: b2h 111010
will return 58
HELP
exit 0
}
error()
{
# print an error and exit
echo "$1"
exit 1
}
lastchar()
{
# return the last character of a string in $rval
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
# empty string
rval=""
return
fi
# wc puts some space behind the output this is why we need sed:
numofchar=`echo -n "$1" | wc -c | sed 's/ //g' `
# now cut out the last char
rval=`echo -n "$1" | cut -b $numofchar`
}
chop()
{
# remove the last character in string and return it in $rval
本文URL:http://www.bianceng.cn/OS/Linux/201410/45612.htm
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
# empty string
rval=""
return
fi
# wc puts some space behind the output this is why we need sed:
numofchar=`echo -n "$1" | wc -c | sed 's/ //g' `
if [ "$numofchar" = "1" ]; then
# only one char in string
rval=""
return
fi
numofcharminus1=`expr $numofchar "-" 1`
# now cut all but the last char:
rval=`echo -n "$1" | cut -b 0-${numofcharminus1}`
}
while [ -n "$1" ]; do
case $1 in
-h) help;shift 1;; # function help is called
--) shift;break;; # end of options
-*) error "error: no such option $1. -h for help";;
*) break;;
esac
done
# The main program
sum=0
weight=1
# one arg must be given:
[ -z "$1" ] && help
binnum="$1"
binnumorig="$1"
while [ -n "$binnum" ]; do
lastchar "$binnum"
if [ "$rval" = "1" ]; then
sum=`expr "$weight" "+" "$sum"`
fi
# remove the last position in $binnum
chop "$binnum"
binnum="$rval"
weight=`expr "$weight" "*" 2`
done
echo "binary $binnumorig is decimal $sum"