linux shell -常用指令碼

來源:互聯網
上載者:User

標籤:des   blog   http   ar   io   os   使用   sp   for   

1.判斷登入使用者

1.1指令碼

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ vi check_user.sh#! /bin/shecho "You are logged in as `whoami`";if [ `whoami` != devtac ]; then  echo "Must be logged in as devtac to run this script."  exitfiecho "Running script at `date`"

1.2運行結果

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ chmod a+x check_user.sh [[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./check_user.sh You are logged in as devtacRunning script at 2014年 12月 09日 星期二 13:35:17 CST

 2.判斷是否繼續執行

2.1指令碼

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ vi do_continue.sh#! /bin/shdoContinue=necho "Do you really want to continue? (y/n)"read doContinueif [ "$doContinue" != y ]; then   echo "Quitting..."   exitfiecho "OK... we will continue."

2.2運行結果

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./do_continue.sh Do you really want to continue? (y/n)yOK... we will continue.[[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./do_continue.sh Do you really want to continue? (y/n)nQuitting...[[email protected]_1 shell]$ 

 3 隱藏輸入

 3.1 指令碼

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ vi hide_input.sh#! /bin/shstty -echoecho -n "Enter the database system password:"read pwstty echoecho "$pw was entered"

3.2 結果

 ./hide_input.sh Enter the database system password:123qweasd was entered[[email protected]_1 shell]$ 

3.3 解析

stty 命令 

3.3.1 man 手冊定義

DESCRIPTION       Print or change terminal characteristics.

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ stty -aspeed 38400 baud; rows 47; columns 125; line = 0;intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = <undef>; eol2 = <undef>; swtch = <undef>; start = ^Q; stop = ^S;susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V; flush = ^O; min = 1; time = 0;-parenb -parodd cs8 -hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal -crtscts -cdtrdsr-ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany -imaxbel -iutf8opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke

 

本例中使用的參數

       [-]echo              echo input characters

屏蔽顯示
stty -echo #禁止回顯
stty echo #開啟回顯
測試方法:
stty -echo;read;stty echo;read

簡述: 使用stty -echo 的效果 就像我們輸入linux 登入密碼時,看不到輸入

 

 4 判斷是否為目錄

  4.1 指令碼

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ vi is_a_directory.sh #! /bin/shif [ -z "$1" ]; then   echo ""   echo "ERROR : Invalid number of arguments"   echo "Usage : $0 arg1"   echo ""   exitfiif [ -d $1 ]; then   echo "$1 is a directory."else   echo "$1 is not a directory."fi

4.2 測試結果

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./is_a_directory.sh ERROR : Invalid number of argumentsUsage : ./is_a_directory.sh arg1[[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./is_a_directory.sh $PWD/home/devtac/shell is a directory.

4.3解析

4.3.1 指令碼傳參(未全部測試,僅作參考)

$0 指令碼名字 
$1 位置參數 #1 
$2 - $9 位置參數 #2 - #9 
${10} 位置參數 #10 
$# 位置參數的個數 
"$*" 所有的位置參數(作為單個字串) * 
"[email protected]" 所有的位置參數(每個都作為獨立的字串) 
${#*} 傳遞到指令碼中的命令列參數的個數 
${#@} 傳遞到指令碼中的命令列參數的個數 
$? 傳回值 
$$ 指令碼的進程ID(PID) 
$- 傳遞到指令碼中的標誌(使用set) 
$_ 之前命令的最後一個參數 
$! 運行在背景最後一個作業的進程ID(PID)

4.3.2 判斷參數是否為空白,判讀目錄是否存在

-z string
              True if the length of string is zero.

 

-d directory

              True if the directory exists.

 

5.判讀檔案是否可讀

5.1指令碼

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ vi is_readable.sh#! /bin/shif [ -z "$1" ]; then   echo ""   echo "ERROR : Invalid number of arguments"   echo "Usage : $0 agr1"   echo ""   exitfiif [ ! -r $1 ]; then   echo "$1 is NOT readable."else   echo "$1 is readable."fi~

5.2測試結果

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./is_readable.sh ERROR : Invalid number of argumentsUsage : ./is_readable.sh agr1[[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./is_readable.sh asdfasasdfas is NOT readable.[[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./is_readable.sh $PWD/home/devtac/shell is readable.[[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./is_readable.sh /home/devtac//home/devtac/ is readable.[[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./is_readable.sh /home/devtac/shell/is_readable.sh /home/devtac/shell/is_readable.sh is readable.

 

6 輸出指令碼參數

6.1 指令碼

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ vi print_args.sh#! /bin/shwhile [ $# -ne 0 ]   do      echo $1      shift   done

6.2 輸出結果

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./print_args.sh [[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./print_args.sh asdf asdfasd asdfasdfasasdfasdfasdasdfasdfas[[email protected]_1 shell]$ 

6.3 解析

6.3.1 shift 命令

對於位置變數或命令列參數,其個數必須是確定的,或者當Shell程式不知道其個數時,可以把所有參數一起賦值給變數$*。若使用者要求Shell在不知道位置變數個數的情況下,還能逐個的把參數一一處理,也就是在$1後為$2,在$2後面為$3等。在 shift命令執行前變數$1的值在shift命令執行後就不可用了。

7複製目錄下檔案到某個目錄下

7.1指令碼

[[email protected]_1 shelltemp2]$ vi copy_special_dir_file.sh


#! /bin/sh

#echo $#
# if the number of args is not equal 2 ,output command usage and exit
if [ $# -ne 2 ];then
echo "Usage : $0 fromdir todir"
exit 1
fi

fromdir=$1 #from directory
todir=$2 #to directory
#echo $fromdir $todir

#if fromdir or todir is not a valid directory ,exit
if [ ! -d $fromdir ] || [ ! -d $todir ];then
echo $fromdir or $todir is not a valid directory
exit 1
fi

for i in $fromdir/*; do
if [ -f $i ]; then
filename=${i#$fromdir/}
echo copying $i to $todir/$filename
cp -p $i $todir/$filename
fi
done
exit 0

7.2 測試結果

[[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./copy_special_dir_file.sh /home/devtac/shell /home/devtac/shelltemp2/qewqe/home/devtac/shell or /home/devtac/shelltemp2/qewqe is not a valid directory[[email protected]_1 shell]$ rm ../shelltemp2/*[[email protected]_1 shell]$ ./copy_special_dir_file.sh /home/devtac/shell /home/devtac/shelltemp2copying /home/devtac/shell/a.txt to /home/devtac/shelltemp2/a.txtcopying /home/devtac/shell/b.txt to /home/devtac/shelltemp2/b.txtcopying /home/devtac/shell/check_user.sh to /home/devtac/shelltemp2/check_user.shcopying /home/devtac/shell/copy_special_dir_file.sh to /home/devtac/shelltemp2/copy_special_dir_file.shcopying /home/devtac/shell/copy_special_dir_file.sh.bk to /home/devtac/shelltemp2/copy_special_dir_file.sh.bkcopying /home/devtac/shell/do_continue.sh to /home/devtac/shelltemp2/do_continue.shcopying /home/devtac/shell/hide_input.sh to /home/devtac/shelltemp2/hide_input.shcopying /home/devtac/shell/is_a_directory.sh to /home/devtac/shelltemp2/is_a_directory.shcopying /home/devtac/shell/is_readable.sh to /home/devtac/shelltemp2/is_readable.shcopying /home/devtac/shell/print_args.sh to /home/devtac/shelltemp2/print_args.shcopying /home/devtac/shell/sh01.sh to /home/devtac/shelltemp2/sh01.sh[[email protected]_1 shell]$ 

7.3解析

7.3.1filename=${i#$fromdir/} 

假設:i=/home/devtac/shell/a.txt

        fromdir=/home/devtac/shell/a.txt

則:filename=a.txt

參考:來源http://linux.chinaunix.net/techdoc/develop/2007/05/05/956956.shtml

為了完整起見,我這裡再用一些例子加以說明 ${ } 的一些特異功能:
假設我們定義了一個變數為:
file=/dir1/dir2/dir3/my.file.txt
我們可以用 ${ } 分別替換獲得不同的值:
${file#*/}:拿掉第一條 / 及其左邊的字串:dir1/dir2/dir3/my.file.txt
${file##*/}:拿掉最後一條 / 及其左邊的字串:my.file.txt
${file#*.}:拿掉第一個 . 及其左邊的字串:file.txt
${file##*.}:拿掉最後一個 . 及其左邊的字串:txt
${file%/*}:拿掉最後條 / 及其右邊的字串:/dir1/dir2/dir3
${file%%/*}:拿掉第一條 / 及其右邊的字串:(空值)
${file%.*}:拿掉最後一個 . 及其右邊的字串:/dir1/dir2/dir3/my.file
${file%%.*}:拿掉第一個 . 及其右邊的字串:/dir1/dir2/dir3/my
記憶的方法為:

      # 是去掉左邊(在鑒盤上 # 在 $ 之左邊)

 

      % 是去掉右邊(在鑒盤上 % 在 $ 之右邊)

 

    單一符號是最小匹配﹔兩個符號是最大匹配。


${file:0:5}:提取最左邊的 5 個位元組:/dir1
${file:5:5}:提取第 5 個位元組右邊的連續 5 個位元組:/dir2
我們也可以對變數值裡的字串作替換:
${file/dir/path}:將第一個 dir 提換為 path:/path1/dir2/dir3/my.file.txt
${file//dir/path}:將全部 dir 提換為 path:/path1/path2/path3/my

 

網路參考:

http://www.ha97.com/4020.html

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5381984

http://blog.csdn.net/qzwujiaying/article/details/6371246

http://linux.chinaunix.net/techdoc/develop/2007/05/05/956956.shtml

書籍:

http://www.comptechdoc.org/os/linux/usersguide/linux_ugshellpro.html

 

linux shell -常用指令碼

相關文章

聯繫我們

該頁面正文內容均來源於網絡整理,並不代表阿里雲官方的觀點,該頁面所提到的產品和服務也與阿里云無關,如果該頁面內容對您造成了困擾,歡迎寫郵件給我們,收到郵件我們將在5個工作日內處理。

如果您發現本社區中有涉嫌抄襲的內容,歡迎發送郵件至: info-contact@alibabacloud.com 進行舉報並提供相關證據,工作人員會在 5 個工作天內聯絡您,一經查實,本站將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內容。

A Free Trial That Lets You Build Big!

Start building with 50+ products and up to 12 months usage for Elastic Compute Service

  • Sales Support

    1 on 1 presale consultation

  • After-Sales Support

    24/7 Technical Support 6 Free Tickets per Quarter Faster Response

  • Alibaba Cloud offers highly flexible support services tailored to meet your exact needs.