linux shell 條件判斷if else, if elif else....__linux

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在linux的shell中

  if 語句通過關係運算子判斷運算式的真假來決定執行哪個分支。Shell 有三種 if ... else 語句:

    if ... fi 語句;    if ... else ... fi 語句;    if ... elif ... else ... fi 語句。
1) if ... else 語句

  if ... else 語句的文法:

if [ expression ]then   Statement(s) to be executed if expression is truefi
  注意:如果 expression 返回 true,then 後邊的語句將會被執行;如果返回 false,不會執行任何語句。
最後必須以 fi 來結尾閉合 if,fi 就是 if 倒過來拼字,後面也會遇見。
注意:expression 和方括弧([ ])之間必須有空格,否則會有語法錯誤。

例如:

    #!/bin/sh    a=10    b=20    if [ $a == $b ]    then       echo "a is equal to b"    fi    if [ $a != $b ]    then       echo "a is not equal to b"    fi
運行結果:

a is not equal to b
2) if ... else ... fi 語句 if ... else ... fi 語句的文法:

if [ expression ]then   Statement(s) to be executed if expression is trueelse   Statement(s) to be executed if expression is not truefi
如果 expression 返回 true,那麼 then 後邊的語句將會被執行;否則,執行 else 後邊的語句。

舉個例子:

    #!/bin/sh    a=10    b=20    if [ $a == $b ]    then       echo "a is equal to b"    else       echo "a is not equal to b"    fi

執行結果:

a is not equal to b
3) if ... elif ... fi 語句 if ... elif ... fi 語句可以對多個條件進行判斷,文法為:
if [ expression 1 ]then   Statement(s) to be executed if expression 1 is trueelif [ expression 2 ]then   Statement(s) to be executed if expression 2 is trueelif [ expression 3 ]then   Statement(s) to be executed if expression 3 is trueelse   Statement(s) to be executed if no expression is truefi
哪一個 expression 的值為 true,就執行哪個 expression 後面的語句;如果都為 false,那麼不執行任何語句。

舉個例子:

    #!/bin/sh    a=10    b=20    if [ $a == $b ]    then       echo "a is equal to b"    elif [ $a -gt $b ]    then       echo "a is greater than b"    elif [ $a -lt $b ]    then       echo "a is less than b"    else       echo "None of the condition met"    fi


運行結果:

a is less than b

if ... else 語句也可以寫成一行,以命令的方式來運行,像這樣:
 if test $[2*3] -eq $[1+5]; then echo 'The two numbers are equal!'; fi; 

if ... else 語句也經常與 test 命令結合使用,如下所示:

    num1=$[2*3]    num2=$[1+5]    if test $[num1] -eq $[num2]    then        echo 'The two numbers are equal!'    else        echo 'The two numbers are not equal!'    fi

輸出:

The two numbers are equal!
test 命令用於檢查某個條件是否成立,與方括弧([ ])類似。

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