在linux的shell中
if 語句通過關係運算子判斷運算式的真假來決定執行哪個分支。Shell 有三種 if ... else 語句:
if ... fi 語句; if ... else ... fi 語句; if ... elif ... else ... fi 語句。
1) if ... else 語句
if ... else 語句的文法:
if [ expression ]then Statement(s) to be executed if expression is truefi
注意:如果 expression 返回 true,then 後邊的語句將會被執行;如果返回 false,不會執行任何語句。
最後必須以 fi 來結尾閉合 if,fi 就是 if 倒過來拼字,後面也會遇見。
注意:expression 和方括弧([ ])之間必須有空格,否則會有語法錯誤。
例如:
#!/bin/sh a=10 b=20 if [ $a == $b ] then echo "a is equal to b" fi if [ $a != $b ] then echo "a is not equal to b" fi
運行結果:
a is not equal to b
2) if ... else ... fi 語句 if ... else ... fi 語句的文法:
if [ expression ]then Statement(s) to be executed if expression is trueelse Statement(s) to be executed if expression is not truefi
如果 expression 返回 true,那麼 then 後邊的語句將會被執行;否則,執行 else 後邊的語句。
舉個例子:
#!/bin/sh a=10 b=20 if [ $a == $b ] then echo "a is equal to b" else echo "a is not equal to b" fi
執行結果:
a is not equal to b
3) if ... elif ... fi 語句 if ... elif ... fi 語句可以對多個條件進行判斷,文法為:
if [ expression 1 ]then Statement(s) to be executed if expression 1 is trueelif [ expression 2 ]then Statement(s) to be executed if expression 2 is trueelif [ expression 3 ]then Statement(s) to be executed if expression 3 is trueelse Statement(s) to be executed if no expression is truefi
哪一個 expression 的值為 true,就執行哪個 expression 後面的語句;如果都為 false,那麼不執行任何語句。
舉個例子:
#!/bin/sh a=10 b=20 if [ $a == $b ] then echo "a is equal to b" elif [ $a -gt $b ] then echo "a is greater than b" elif [ $a -lt $b ] then echo "a is less than b" else echo "None of the condition met" fi
運行結果:
a is less than b
if ... else 語句也可以寫成一行,以命令的方式來運行,像這樣:
if test $[2*3] -eq $[1+5]; then echo 'The two numbers are equal!'; fi;
if ... else 語句也經常與 test 命令結合使用,如下所示:
num1=$[2*3] num2=$[1+5] if test $[num1] -eq $[num2] then echo 'The two numbers are equal!' else echo 'The two numbers are not equal!' fi
輸出:
The two numbers are equal!
test 命令用於檢查某個條件是否成立,與方括弧([ ])類似。