文章目錄
本文是我讀《鳥哥的Linux私房菜》的學習筆記。
命令格式
命令格式： command [-options] parameter1 parameter2...
例如：
gin@ubuntu :~$ ls -al ~
命令為ls；選項為-al；參數為~ 該命令的功能為列出主資料夾下的所有檔案（包括隱藏檔案）與相關的檔案屬性。
其中，-a表示列出主資料夾下的包括隱藏檔案在內的所有檔案，-l表示列出相關的檔案屬性。
注意：
- 在Linux系統中，命令區分大小寫。
- 命令太長，則用反斜線（\）來轉移[Enter]字元。（[Enter]一般是代表一行命令的開始啟動，這裡以反斜線來進行轉義）
- 命令中無論有多少個連續空格，則一定當做一個空格看。例如：gin@ubuntu :~$ ls -al ~等同於gin@ubuntu :~$ ls -al ~
更改支援語言使用
echo $LANG命令可以顯示當前的支援語言。使用
LANG = en_US 命令可以更改當前支援語言。en_US 代表美國英語。如下：
注意：這僅僅是在當前這次登陸更改了支援語言。
幾個簡單的命令
1.協助命令：--help
2.顯示日期與時間：date 以下是使用
date --help協助命令調出的一些格式 %% a literal %
%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
%d day of month (e.g., 01)
%D date; same as %m/%d/%y
%e day of month, space padded; same as %_d
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%k hour, space padded ( 0..23); same as %_H
%l hour, space padded ( 1..12); same as %_I
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)簡單例子：
顯示日曆命令：cal命令格式：cal [ [month] year ]如下：計算機：bc退出是quit命令。注意：命令列模式有兩種命令：
- 一種是該命令會直接顯示結果並返回到命令提示字元，等待下一個命令。例如cal命令。
- 一種是進入到該命令的環境，知道結束該命令才會回到命令提示字元。例如bc命令。
