標籤:mysql
MySQL主從又叫做Replication、AB複製。簡單講就是A和B兩台機器做主從後,在A上寫資料,另外一台B也會跟著寫資料,兩者資料即時同步的。它基於binlog,主裝置上須開啟binlog才能進行主從。
主從過程大致有3個步驟:
1)主裝置將更改操作記錄到binlog裡;
2)從將主裝置的binlog事件(sql語句)同步到從本機上並記錄在relaylog裡;
3)從根據relaylog裡面的sql語句按順序執行。
主裝置上有一個log dump線程,用來和從的I/O線程傳遞binlog。從裝置上有兩個線程,其中I/O線程用來同步主的binlog並產生relaylog,另外一個SQL線程用來把relaylog裡面的sql語句落地。
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準備工作
1、準備兩台裝有mysql的伺服器,並啟動mysql服務。
2、分配角色,確定裝置主從。
配置主裝置
1、編輯設定檔
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]server-id=88log_bin=bin01
2、重啟mysql
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restartShutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
3、檢查log_bin
[[email protected] ~]# ls /data/mysql/bin01.*/data/mysql/bin01.000001 /data/mysql/bin01.index
4、建立資料庫
[[email protected] mysql]# cd /data/mysql[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e ‘create database db01‘
5、增加測試資料
[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot zrlog >/tmp/zrlog.sql[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot db01 </tmp/zrlog.sql
6、備份所有資料庫
[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot db01 > /tmp/db01.sql[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot zrlog > /tmp/zrlog.sql
7、建立使用者
[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -urootWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 414Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘repl‘@‘122.112.197.192‘ identified by ‘123456‘;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
8、鎖表並查看狀態
mysql> flush tables with read lock; ##鎖表,防止寫入Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show master status; ##下方兩個參數需要在從裝置上配置+--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| bin01.000001 | 10472 | | | |+--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
配置從裝置
1、編輯設定檔
[[email protected] mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]server-id=192
2、重啟mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restartShutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
3、複製主裝置Database Backup檔案
[[email protected] mysql]# scp 122.112.253.88:/tmp/*.sql /tmp/The authenticity of host ‘122.112.253.88 (122.112.253.88)‘ can‘t be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is 2e:6e:90:32:87:05:9e:63:63:d6:2d:44:a5:5f:be:51.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added ‘122.112.253.88‘ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.[email protected]‘s password: db01.sql 100% 9877 9.7KB/s 00:00 zrlog.sql 100% 9878 9.7KB/s 00:00
4、建立對應資料庫
[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -urootWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.mysql> create database db01;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> create database zrlog;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot db01 </tmp/db01.sql[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot zrlog </tmp/zrlog.sql
5、配置主備同步
[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -urootWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 4Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.mysql> stop slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> change master to master_host=‘122.112.253.88‘,master_user=‘repl‘,master_password=‘123456‘,master_log_file=‘bin01.000001‘,master_log_pos=10472;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)mysql> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
6、查看主從狀態
mysql> show slave status\G; ##如果出現錯誤,可能是雲主機策略沒放過3306連接埠*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 122.112.253.88 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: bin01.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 10708 Relay_Log_File: ecs-89c1-relay-bin.000003 Relay_Log_Pos: 515 Relay_Master_Log_File: bin01.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 10708 Relay_Log_Space: 691 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 88 Master_UUID: 79b66469-8cc8-11e7-ae36-fa163eb51d35 Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 01 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR: No query specified
7、主裝置解鎖
[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -urootWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 875Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.mysql> unlock tables;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
測試主從同步
1、在主裝置上刪除db01資料庫的表;
mysql> show tables;+----------------+| Tables_in_db01 |+----------------+| comment || link || log || lognav || plugin || tag || type || user |+----------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> drop table tag;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2、在從裝置查看對應的表也已經不存在了。
mysql> show tables;+----------------+| Tables_in_db01 |+----------------+| comment || link || log || lognav || plugin || type || user |+----------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
擴充學習
▎配置參數
1. 主伺服器上:
binlog-do-db= //僅同步指定的庫(其他庫不同步)
binlog-ignore-db= //忽略指定庫(其他庫都同步)
2. 從伺服器上:
replicate_do_db= //(不常用)
replicate_ignore_db= //(不常用)
replicate_do_table= //(不常用)
replicate_ignore_table= //(不常用)
replicate_wild_do_table= //如aming.%, (支援萬用字元%)
replicate_wild_ignore_table=
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MySQL主從架構