mysql主從複製

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1、介紹

       MySQL作為世界上使用最為廣泛的資料庫之一，免費是其原因之一。但不可忽略的是它本身的功能的確很強大。隨著技術的發展，在實際的生產環境中，由單台MySQL資料庫伺服器不能滿足實際的需求。此時資料庫叢集就很好的解決了這個問題了。採用MySQL分布式叢集，能夠搭建一個高並發、負載平衡的叢集伺服器（這篇部落格暫時不涉及）。在此之前我們必須要保證每台MySQL伺服器裡的資料同步。資料同步我們可以通過MySQL內部配置就可以輕鬆完成，主要有主從複製和主主複製。

2、環境

主：192.168.182.155 centos7.2   

從：192.168.182.156 centos7.2   

3、主從複製3.1、修改設定檔

修改主從伺服器的設定檔/etc/my.cnf，在mysqld中添加log-bin=mysql-bin開啟二進位檔案

主服務配置：

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf## This group is read both both by the client and the server# use it for options that affect everything#[client-server]## This group is read by the server#[mysqld]# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0log-bin=mysql-bin

  server-id=1
  innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
  sync_binlog=1
  binlog_ignore_db=mysql

## include all files from the config directory#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

 

從伺服器配置：

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.logpid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pidlog-bin=mysql-bin## include all files from the config directory#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

 

 3.2、開始構建主從複製

在192.168.182.155中建立一個192.168.182.156主機中可以登入的MySQL使用者

登陸主要資料庫

mysql  -uroot -pwc20080512;

建立串連帳號和密碼

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER ‘mysql12‘@ ‘192.168.182.156‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘mysql12‘;

 

授權

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ‘mysql12‘@192.168.182.156 IDENTIFIED BY ‘mysql12‘;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

  MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

 

執行以下命令鎖定資料庫以防止寫入資料

MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

 

退出mysql命令列，匯出資料庫

mysqldump  -uroot -pwc20080512  -B heruiguo  wanghaixue > /opt/mysql.sql;

 

scp 資料檔案到從伺服器

 scp /opt/mysql.sql  192.168.182.156:/opt

 

登陸從伺服器匯入資料

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -pwc20080512</opt/mysql.sql 

 

編輯設定檔my.cnf,在[mysqld]下面加入：

server-id=2

重啟資料庫

systemctl  restart  mariadb.service

 

 

查看192.168.182.155 MySQL伺服器二進位檔案名與位置

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000010 | 327 | wordpress | mysql |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

解鎖資料庫

MariaDB [(none)]> UNLOCK TABLES;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

在從伺服器執行

[[email protected] ~]# mysql   -uroot  -pwc20080512

CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.182.155‘,
MASTER_USER=‘mysql12‘,
MASTER_PASSWORD=‘mysql12‘,
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000010‘,
MASTER_LOG_POS=327;

 

 

啟動slave進程。

MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

 

查看主從複製是否配置成功

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G  *************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 192.168.182.155                  Master_User: mysql12                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000010          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 723               Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002                Relay_Log_Pos: 929        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000010             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB:           Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 0                   Last_Error:                  Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 723              Relay_Log_Space: 1225              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: No           Master_SSL_CA_File:            Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert:             Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key:         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                Last_IO_Errno: 0                Last_IO_Error:                Last_SQL_Errno: 0               Last_SQL_Error:   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:              Master_Server_Id: 11 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

主從配置完成

 

測試

在主伺服器上建立資料庫

MariaDB [heruiguo]> create  database  aaa;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)MariaDB [heruiguo]> SHOW MASTER STATUS;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.000012 |      624 |              | mysql            |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

在從庫上驗證

MariaDB [heruiguo]> show  databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || aaa                || heruiguo           || mysql              || performance_schema || wanghaixue         |+--------------------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql主從複製