標籤:
一、安裝方法
安裝MySQL主要有兩種方法:一種是通過原始碼進行編譯安裝,適合進階使用者自己定製MySQL的特性;另一種比較簡單的是使用已經編譯過的二進位檔案進行安裝。二進位檔案安裝又分為不針對特定平台的通用安裝方法,即.tar.gz壓縮檔;另一種是使用RPM或其他包進行安裝,這種方式會自動完成系統的相關配置。本次記錄使用.tar.gz檔案安裝過程。
二、下載檔案
mysql-5.5.45-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz(附件中有)
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.5.html
三、檢查是否已經安裝,grep -i選項表示匹配時忽略大小寫
[[email protected] /]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64
mysql-libs-5.1.61-1.el6_2.1.x86_64
mysql-5.1.61-1.el6_2.1.x86_64
可見已經安裝了庫檔案,應該先卸載,避免出現覆蓋錯誤。卸載時使用--nodeps選項,忽略依賴關係:
[[email protected] /]# rpm -e mysql-5.1.61-1.el6_2.1.x86_64 --nodeps
[[email protected] /]# rpm -e perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
[[email protected] /]# rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.61-1.el6_2.1.x86_64 --nodeps
四、添加mysql組和mysql使用者,用於設定mysql安裝目錄檔案所有者和所屬組
[[email protected] /]# groupadd mysql
[[email protected] /]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql (-r參數表示mysql使用者是系統使用者,不可用於登入系統)
五、安裝
1.將二進位檔案解壓至指定目錄,比如/usr/local
[[email protected] /]# cd /usr/local
[[email protected] /usr/local]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.45-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
檔案夾名字太長,做一個符號連結[[email protected] /usr/local]# ln -s mysql-5.5.45-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql
2.查看下/usr/local/mysql/下的目錄結構
Directory |
Contents of Directory |
bin |
Client programs and the mysqld server |
data |
Log files, databases |
docs |
Manual in Info format |
man |
Unix manual pages |
include |
Include (header) files |
lib |
Libraries |
scripts |
mysql_install_db |
share |
Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation |
sql-bench |
Benchmarks |
3.改變所屬的組和使用者
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql]# chown -R mysql .
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .
4.執行mysql_install_db指令碼,對mysql中的data目錄進行初始化並建立一些系統資料表格。mysql服務的進程mysqld運行時要訪問data目錄,所以必須由mysqld的使用者(前面設定的mysql)執行這個指令碼,或者由root執行並加上參數--user=mysql:
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
執行情況:
Installing MySQL system tables...
150809 11:20:06 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.45) starting as process 28004 ...
OK
Filling help tables...
150809 11:20:06 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.45) starting as process 28011 ...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
./bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘new-password‘
./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h DevTJ-todo-15070919100 password ‘new-password‘
Alternatively you can run:
./bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd . ; ./bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd ./mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/
PS:如果mysql的安裝目錄(解壓目錄)不是/usr/local/mysql,那麼還必須指定目錄參數,如
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql \
--basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql \
--datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql/data
5.將mysql/目錄下除了data/目錄的所有檔案,改回root使用者所有,mysql使用者只需作為mysql/data目錄下所有檔案的所有者。
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql]# chown -R root .
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql]# chown -R mysql data .
6.將設定檔複製到/etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
7.將mysqld服務加入開機啟動項。
a.將scripts/mysql.server服務指令碼複製到/etc/init.d,並重新命名為mysqld
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
b.通過chkconfig命令將mysqld服務加入到開機啟動服務
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
查看添加是否成功:
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
六、修改配置,啟動
1.修改配置
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
初始配置只有:
可根據個人需要進行配置。
2.啟動。
a.重啟系統mysqld就會自動啟動,或者直接手動啟動msql。
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
b.添加使用者,重啟mysql。
補充,安裝mysql client
[[email protected]]#rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.5.28-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm
Linux下MySQL server和client安裝