PHP 設計模式系列 -- 迭代器模式（Iterator）

1、模式定義

迭代器模式 （Iterator），又叫做遊標（Cursor）模式。提供一種方法訪問一個容器（Container）對象中各個元素，而又不需暴露該對象的內部細節。

當你需要訪問一個彙總對象，而且不管這些對象是什麼都需要遍曆的時候，就應該考慮使用迭代器模式。另外，當需要對聚集有多種方式遍曆時，可以考慮去使用迭代器模式。迭代器模式為遍曆不同的聚集結構提供如開始、下一個、是否結束、當前哪一項等統一的介面。

PHP標準庫（SPL）中提供了迭代器介面 Iterator，要實現迭代器模式，實現該介面即可。

2、UML類圖

3、範例程式碼

Book.php

author = $author;        $this->title = $title;    }    public function getAuthor()    {        return $this->author;    }    public function getTitle()    {        return $this->title;    }    public function getAuthorAndTitle()    {        return $this->getTitle() . ' by ' . $this->getAuthor();    }}

BookList.php

books[$bookNumberToGet])) {            return $this->books[$bookNumberToGet];        }        return null;    }    public function addBook(Book $book)    {        $this->books[] = $book;    }    public function removeBook(Book $bookToRemove)    {        foreach ($this->books as $key => $book) {            /** @var Book $book */            if ($book->getAuthorAndTitle() === $bookToRemove->getAuthorAndTitle()) {                unset($this->books[$key]);            }        }    }    public function count()    {        return count($this->books);    }}

BookListIterator.php

bookList = $bookList;    }    /**     * Return the current book     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.current.php     * @return Book Can return any type.     */    public function current()    {        return $this->bookList->getBook($this->currentBook);    }    /**     * (PHP 5 >= 5.0.0)
     * Move forward to next element     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.next.php     * @return void Any returned value is ignored.     */    public function next()    {        $this->currentBook++;    }    /**     * (PHP 5 >= 5.0.0)
     * Return the key of the current element     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.key.php     * @return mixed scalar on success, or null on failure.     */    public function key()    {        return $this->currentBook;    }    /**     * (PHP 5 >= 5.0.0)
     * Checks if current position is valid     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.valid.php     * @return boolean The return value will be casted to boolean and then evaluated.     *       Returns true on success or false on failure.     */    public function valid()    {        return null !== $this->bookList->getBook($this->currentBook);    }    /**     * (PHP 5 >= 5.0.0)
     * Rewind the Iterator to the first element     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.rewind.php     * @return void Any returned value is ignored.     */    public function rewind()    {        $this->currentBook = 0;    }}

BookListReverseIterator.php

bookList = $bookList;        $this->currentBook = $this->bookList->count() - 1;    }    /**     * Return the current book     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.current.php     * @return Book Can return any type.     */    public function current()    {        return $this->bookList->getBook($this->currentBook);    }    /**     * (PHP 5 >= 5.0.0)
     * Move forward to next element     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.next.php     * @return void Any returned value is ignored.     */    public function next()    {        $this->currentBook--;    }    /**     * (PHP 5 >= 5.0.0)
     * Return the key of the current element     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.key.php     * @return mixed scalar on success, or null on failure.     */    public function key()    {        return $this->currentBook;    }    /**     * (PHP 5 >= 5.0.0)
     * Checks if current position is valid     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.valid.php     * @return boolean The return value will be casted to boolean and then evaluated.     *       Returns true on success or false on failure.     */    public function valid()    {        return null !== $this->bookList->getBook($this->currentBook);    }    /**     * (PHP 5 >= 5.0.0)
     * Rewind the Iterator to the first element     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.rewind.php     * @return void Any returned value is ignored.     */    public function rewind()    {        $this->currentBook = $this->bookList->count() - 1;    }}

4、測試代碼

Tests/IteratorTest.php

bookList = new BookList();        $this->bookList->addBook(new Book('Learning PHP Design Patterns', 'William Sanders'));        $this->bookList->addBook(new Book('Professional Php Design Patterns', 'Aaron Saray'));        $this->bookList->addBook(new Book('Clean Code', 'Robert C. Martin'));    }    public function expectedAuthors()    {        return array(            array(                array(                    'Learning PHP Design Patterns by William Sanders',                    'Professional Php Design Patterns by Aaron Saray',                    'Clean Code by Robert C. Martin'                )            ),        );    }    /**     * @dataProvider expectedAuthors     */    public function testUseAIteratorAndValidateAuthors($expected)    {        $iterator = new BookListIterator($this->bookList);        while ($iterator->valid()) {            $expectedBook = array_shift($expected);            $this->assertEquals($expectedBook, $iterator->current()->getAuthorAndTitle());            $iterator->next();        }    }    /**     * @dataProvider expectedAuthors     */    public function testUseAReverseIteratorAndValidateAuthors($expected)    {        $iterator = new BookListReverseIterator($this->bookList);        while ($iterator->valid()) {            $expectedBook = array_pop($expected);            $this->assertEquals($expectedBook, $iterator->current()->getAuthorAndTitle());            $iterator->next();        }    }    /**     * Test BookList Remove     */    public function testBookRemove()    {        $this->bookList->removeBook($this->bookList->getBook(0));        $this->assertEquals($this->bookList->count(), 2);    }}

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