最近做了個項目,需要用到省市區三級聯動,上網翻了不少資料,於是有了下面的思路和代碼
基本思想就是:在JS動態建立select控制項的option,通過Ajax擷取在PHP從SQL資料庫擷取的省市區資訊,代碼有點長,但很多都是類似的,例如JS中省、市、區擷取方法類似,PHP中通過參數不同執行不同的select語句。
index.html代碼:
代碼如下:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>省市區三級聯動</title><META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=gb2312"><script src="scripts/thumbnails.js" type="text/javascript"></script></head><body><p id="description"><select style="width:100px; " onchange="sech(this.id)" id="sheng"><option value="province">請選擇省份</option></select><select onchange="sech(this.id)" id="shi"><option value="city">請選擇市區</option></select><select id="xian"><option value="county">請選擇縣鄉</option></select></p></p></body></html>
thumbnails.js代碼:
代碼如下:
window.onload = getProvince;function createRequest() {//Ajax於PHP互動需要對象 try { request = new XMLHttpRequest();//建立一個新的請求對象; } catch (tryMS) { try { request = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch (otherMS) { try { request = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } catch (failed) { request = null; } } } return request;}function sech(id) {//省市改變時觸發,select的onchange事件 var aa = document.getElementById(id);if(id=="sheng"){ getCity(aa.value);//這裡aa.value為省的id}if(id=="shi"){getCounty(aa.value);//這裡aa.value為市的id}}function getProvince() {//擷取所有省 request = createRequest(); if (request == null) { alert("Unable to create request"); return; } var url= "getDetails.php?ID=0";//ID=0時傳遞至PHP時讓其擷取所有省 request.open("GET", url, true); request.onreadystatechange = displayProvince; //設定回呼函數 request.send(null); //發送請求}function getCity(id){//擷取省對應的市 request = createRequest(); if (request == null) { alert("Unable to create request"); return; } var url= "getDetails.php?ID=" + escape(id); request.open("GET", url, true); request.onreadystatechange = displayCity; request.send(null);}function getCounty(id){//擷取市對應的區 request = createRequest(); if (request == null) { alert("Unable to create request"); return; } var url= "getDetails.php?ID=" + escape(id); request.open("GET", url, true); request.onreadystatechange = displayCounty; request.send(null);} function displayProvince() {//將擷取的資料動態增加至select if (request.readyState == 4) { if (request.status == 200) { var a=new Array;var b=request.responseText;//將PHP返回的資料賦值給b a=b.split(",");//通過","將這一資料儲存在數組a中 document.getElementById("sheng").length=1; var obj=document.getElementById("sheng'); for(i=0;i obj.options.add(new Option(a[i],i+1)); //動態產生OPTION加到select中,第一個參數為Text,第二個參數為Value值. } }} function displayCity() {//將擷取的資料動態增加至select if (request.readyState == 4) { if (request.status == 200) { var a=new Array;var b=request.responseText; a=b.split(","); document.getElementById("shi").length=1;//重新選擇 document.getElementById("xian").length=1;//重新選擇if(document.getElementById("sheng").value!="province"){ var obj=document.getElementById('shi'); for(i=0;i obj.options.add(new Option(a[i], document.getElementById("sheng").value*100+i+1)); //ocument.getElementById("sheng").value*100+i+1對應的是市的ID。} } }}function displayCounty() {//將擷取的資料增加至select if (request.readyState == 4) { if (request.status == 200) { var a=new Array;var b=request.responseText; a=b.split(","); document.getElementById("xian").length=1;if(document.getElementById("sheng").value!="province"&&document.getElementById("shi").value!="city"){ var obj=document.getElementById('xian'); for(i=0;i obj.options.add(new Option(a[i],i+1001)); } } }}
getDetails.php代碼:
代碼如下:
<?phpheader("Content-Type: text/html; charset=gb2312");$conn = new COM("ADODB.Connection") or die("Cannot start ADO");$connstr = "Provider=SQLOLEDB;Persist Security Info=False;User ID=root;Password=123456;Initial Catalog=area;Data Source=localhost";if($_REQUEST['ID']==0){//獲得省列表$conn->Open($connstr); //建立資料庫連接$sqlstr = "select name from Province"; //設定查詢字串$rs = $conn->Execute($sqlstr); //執行查詢獲得結果$num_cols = $rs->Fields->Count(); //得到資料集列數$Province=array();$i=0;while (!$rs->EOF) {$Province[$i]=$rs->Fields['name']->Value.",";$rs->MoveNext();$i++;}foreach($Province as $val)echo $val;$conn->Close();$rs = null;$conn = null;}if($_REQUEST['ID']>0&&$_REQUEST['ID']<35){//獲得省對應的市列表$conn->Open($connstr); //建立資料庫連接$sqlstr = "select name from City where cid=".$_REQUEST['ID']; //設定查詢字串$rs = $conn->Execute($sqlstr); //執行查詢獲得結果$num_cols = $rs->Fields->Count(); //得到資料集列數$City=array();$i=0;while (!$rs->EOF) {$City[$i]=$rs->Fields['name']->Value.",";$rs->MoveNext();$i++;}foreach($City as $val)echo $val;$conn->Close();$rs = null;$conn = null;}if($_REQUEST['ID']>100){//獲得省市對應的縣列表$conn->Open($connstr); //建立資料庫連接$sqlstr = "select name from County where cid=".$_REQUEST['ID']; //設定查詢字串$rs = $conn->Execute($sqlstr); //執行查詢獲得結果$num_cols = $rs->Fields->Count(); //得到資料集列數$County=array();$i=0;while (!$rs->EOF) {$County[$i]=$rs->Fields['name']->Value.",";$rs->MoveNext();$i++;}foreach($County as $val)echo $val;$conn->Close();$rs = null;$conn = null;}?>
資料庫設計,表格Province表,City表,County表。
要求:Province表需要id和name,id建議從1至34,例如北京id為1,廣東id為2,以此類推;
City表需要id,name和cid,id為cid*100+1,cid為該市的上級,例如深圳的上級為廣東省,cid為2的話,深圳的id就是201,以此類推。
County表需要id,name和cid,因為是三級的關係,id可以隨意,建議從10001開始自增。cid為所在上級,例如寶安區的cid為201,龍崗區的cid也為201;
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HTML效果:
完成後效果:
備忘:PHP是伺服器端的,建議發布網站後通過ip調試。