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GLSurfaceView是OpenGL中的一個類,也是能夠預覽Camera的,並且在預覽Camera上有其獨到之處。
獨到之處在哪?當使用Surfaceview無能為力、痛不欲生時就僅僅有使用GLSurfaceView了。它能夠真正做到讓Camera的資料和顯示分離,所以搞明確了這個,像Camera僅僅開預覽不顯示這都是小菜,妥妥的。
Android4.0的內建Camera原始碼是用SurfaceView預覽的。但到了4.2就換成了GLSurfaceView來預覽。
現在到了4.4又用了自家的TextureView。所以從中能夠窺探出新增TextureView的用意。
雖說Android4.2的Camera原始碼是用GLSurfaceView預覽的,可是進行了大量的封裝又封裝的。由於是OpenGL小白,真是看的不知所云。
俺滴要求不高,僅僅想弄個可拍照的摸清GLSurfaceView在預覽Camera上的使用流程。經過一番百度一無所獲。後來翻出去Google一大圈也沒發現可用的。
倒是非常多人都在用GLSurfaceView和Surfaceview同一時候預覽Camera,Surfaceview用來預覽資料,在上面又鋪了一層GLSurfaceView繪製一些資訊。無奈自己摸索,整出來的是能拍照也能得到資料。可是介面上不是一塊白板就是一塊黑板啥都不顯示。後來在stackoverflow最終找到了一個可用的連結。哈哈。蒼天啊。最終柳暗花明了!參考此連結,自己又改改摸索了一天才徹底搞定。之所以費這麼多時間是不明確OpenGL ES2.0的繪製基本流程,跟簡單的OpenGL的繪製還是稍有區別。
以下上原始碼:
一、CameraGLSurfaceView.java 此類繼承GLSurfaceView,並實現了兩個介面
package org.yanzi.camera.preview;import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;import org.yanzi.camera.CameraInterface;import android.content.Context;import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;import android.opengl.GLES11Ext;import android.opengl.GLES20;import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer;import android.util.AttributeSet;import android.util.Log;public class CameraGLSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView implements Renderer, SurfaceTexture.OnFrameAvailableListener {private static final String TAG = "yanzi";Context mContext;SurfaceTexture mSurface;int mTextureID = -1;DirectDrawer mDirectDrawer;public CameraGLSurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {super(context, attrs);// TODO Auto-generated constructor stubmContext = context;setEGLContextClientVersion(2);setRenderer(this);setRenderMode(RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY);}@Overridepublic void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubLog.i(TAG, "onSurfaceCreated...");mTextureID = createTextureID();mSurface = new SurfaceTexture(mTextureID);mSurface.setOnFrameAvailableListener(this);mDirectDrawer = new DirectDrawer(mTextureID);CameraInterface.getInstance().doOpenCamera(null);}@Overridepublic void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubLog.i(TAG, "onSurfaceChanged...");GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);if(!CameraInterface.getInstance().isPreviewing()){CameraInterface.getInstance().doStartPreview(mSurface, 1.33f);}}@Overridepublic void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubLog.i(TAG, "onDrawFrame...");GLES20.glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);mSurface.updateTexImage();float[] mtx = new float[16];mSurface.getTransformMatrix(mtx);mDirectDrawer.draw(mtx);}@Overridepublic void onPause() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onPause();CameraInterface.getInstance().doStopCamera();}private int createTextureID(){int[] texture = new int[1];GLES20.glGenTextures(1, texture, 0);GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, texture[0]);GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL10.GL_LINEAR); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR);GLES20.glTexParameteri(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);GLES20.glTexParameteri(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);return texture[0];}public SurfaceTexture _getSurfaceTexture(){return mSurface;}@Overridepublic void onFrameAvailable(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubLog.i(TAG, "onFrameAvailable...");this.requestRender();}}關於這個類進行簡單說明:
1、Renderer這個介面裡有三個回調: onSurfaceCreated() onSurfaceChanged() onDrawFrame(),在onSurfaceCreated裡設定了GLSurfaceView的版本號碼: setEGLContextClientVersion(2); 假設沒這個設定是啥都畫不出來了,由於Android支援OpenGL ES1.1和2.0及最新的3.0,並且版本號碼間區別非常大。不告訴他版本號碼他不知道用哪個版本號碼的api渲染。
在設定setRenderer(this);後,再設定它的模式為RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY。這個也非常關鍵,看api:
When renderMode is RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY, the renderer is called repeatedly to re-render the scene. When renderMode is RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY, the renderer only rendered when the surface is created, or when requestRender is called. Defaults to RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY.
Using RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY can improve battery life and overall system performance by allowing the GPU and CPU to idle when the view does not need to be updated.
大意是RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY模式就會一直Render,假設設定成RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY。就是當有資料時才rendered或者主動調用了GLSurfaceView的requestRender.預設是連續模式,非常顯然Camera適合髒模式,一秒30幀,當有資料來時再渲染。
2、正因是RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY所以就要告訴GLSurfaceView什麼時候Render,也就是啥時候進到onDrawFrame()這個函數裡。SurfaceTexture.OnFrameAvailableListener這個介面就幹了這麼一件事,當有資料上來後會進到
public void onFrameAvailable(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Log.i(TAG, "onFrameAvailable...");
this.requestRender();
}
這裡,然後運行requestRender()。
3、網上有一些OpenGL ES的示範範例是在Activity裡實現了SurfaceTexture.OnFrameAvailableListener此介面,事實上這個無所謂。
不管是被誰實現。關鍵看在回調裡幹了什麼事。
4、與TextureView裡對照可知,TextureView預覽時由於實現了SurfaceTextureListener會自己主動建立SurfaceTexture。但在GLSurfaceView裡則要手動建立同一時候綁定一個紋理ID。
5、本文在onSurfaceCreated()裡開啟Camera,在onSurfaceChanged()裡開啟預覽,預設1.33的比例。
原因是相比前兩種預覽,此處SurfaceTexture建立須要一定時間。假設想要開預覽時由Activity發起,則要GLSurfaceView利用Handler將建立的SurfaceTexture傳遞給Activity。
二、DirectDrawer.java 此類非常關鍵,負責將SurfaceTexture內容繪製到螢幕上
package org.yanzi.camera.preview;import java.nio.ByteBuffer;import java.nio.ByteOrder;import java.nio.FloatBuffer;import java.nio.ShortBuffer;import android.opengl.GLES11Ext;import android.opengl.GLES20;import android.opengl.Matrix;public class DirectDrawer {private final String vertexShaderCode = "attribute vec4 vPosition;" + "attribute vec2 inputTextureCoordinate;" + "varying vec2 textureCoordinate;" + "void main()" + "{"+ "gl_Position = vPosition;"+ "textureCoordinate = inputTextureCoordinate;" + "}"; private final String fragmentShaderCode = "#extension GL_OES_EGL_image_external : require\n"+ "precision mediump float;" + "varying vec2 textureCoordinate;\n" + "uniform samplerExternalOES s_texture;\n" + "void main() {" + " gl_FragColor = texture2D( s_texture, textureCoordinate );\n" + "}"; private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer, textureVerticesBuffer; private ShortBuffer drawListBuffer; private final int mProgram; private int mPositionHandle; private int mTextureCoordHandle; private short drawOrder[] = { 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3 }; // order to draw vertices // number of coordinates per vertex in this array private static final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 2; private final int vertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; // 4 bytes per vertex static float squareCoords[] = { -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, }; static float textureVertices[] = { 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, }; private int texture; public DirectDrawer(int texture) { this.texture = texture; // initialize vertex byte buffer for shape coordinates ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(squareCoords.length * 4); bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); vertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer(); vertexBuffer.put(squareCoords); vertexBuffer.position(0); // initialize byte buffer for the draw list ByteBuffer dlb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(drawOrder.length * 2); dlb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); drawListBuffer = dlb.asShortBuffer(); drawListBuffer.put(drawOrder); drawListBuffer.position(0); ByteBuffer bb2 = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(textureVertices.length * 4); bb2.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); textureVerticesBuffer = bb2.asFloatBuffer(); textureVerticesBuffer.put(textureVertices); textureVerticesBuffer.position(0); int vertexShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShaderCode); int fragmentShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShaderCode); mProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram(); // create empty OpenGL ES Program GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, vertexShader); // add the vertex shader to program GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, fragmentShader); // add the fragment shader to program GLES20.glLinkProgram(mProgram); // creates OpenGL ES program executables } public void draw(float[] mtx) { GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram); GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, texture); // get handle to vertex shader‘s vPosition member mPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition"); // Enable a handle to the triangle vertices GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle); // Prepare the <insert shape here> coordinate data GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mPositionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, vertexStride, vertexBuffer); mTextureCoordHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "inputTextureCoordinate"); GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mTextureCoordHandle); // textureVerticesBuffer.clear();// textureVerticesBuffer.put( transformTextureCoordinates( textureVertices, mtx ));// textureVerticesBuffer.position(0); GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mTextureCoordHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, vertexStride, textureVerticesBuffer); GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, drawOrder.length, GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, drawListBuffer); // Disable vertex array GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle); GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(mTextureCoordHandle); } private int loadShader(int type, String shaderCode){ // create a vertex shader type (GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER) // or a fragment shader type (GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER) int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(type); // add the source code to the shader and compile it GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, shaderCode); GLES20.glCompileShader(shader); return shader; } private float[] transformTextureCoordinates( float[] coords, float[] matrix) { float[] result = new float[ coords.length ]; float[] vt = new float[4]; for ( int i = 0 ; i < coords.length ; i += 2 ) { float[] v = { coords[i], coords[i+1], 0 , 1 }; Matrix.multiplyMV(vt, 0, matrix, 0, v, 0); result[i] = vt[0]; result[i+1] = vt[1]; } return result; }}
三、有了上面兩個類就完畢95%的工作,能夠將GLSurfaceView看成是有生命週期的。在onPause裡進行關閉Camera。在Activity裡複寫兩個方法:
@Overrideprotected void onResume() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onResume();glSurfaceView.bringToFront();}@Overrideprotected void onPause() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onPause();glSurfaceView.onPause();}這個glSurfaceView.bringToFront();事實上不寫也中。
在布局裡寫入自己定義的GLSurfaceView就ok了:
<FrameLayout android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" > <org.yanzi.camera.preview.CameraGLSurfaceView android:id="@+id/camera_textureview" android:layout_width="0dip" android:layout_height="0dip" /> </FrameLayout>
CameraActivity裡僅僅負責UI部分,CameraGLSurfaceView負責開Camera、預覽。並調用DirectDrawer裡的draw()進行繪製。其它代碼就不上了。
注意事項:
1、在onDrawFrame()裡,假設不調用mDirectDrawer.draw(mtx);是啥都顯示不出來的!!。這是GLSurfaceView的特別之處。
為啥呢?由於GLSurfaceView不是Android親生的,而Surfaceview和TextureView是。所以得自己依照OpenGL ES的流程畫。
2、到底mDirectDrawer.draw(mtx)裡在哪擷取的Buffer眼下雜家還麼看太明確。貌似麼有請求buffer。而是依據GLSurfaceView裡建立的SurfaceTexture之前,產生的有個紋理ID。這個紋理ID一方面跟SurfaceTexture是綁定在一起的,還有一方面跟DirectDrawer綁定,而SurfaceTexture作渲染載體。
3、參考連結裡有,有人為瞭解決這個問題,給出了以下三段代碼:
@Overridepublic void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl){ float[] mtx = new float[16]; mSurface.updateTexImage(); mSurface.getTransformMatrix(mtx); mDirectVideo.draw(mtx);}
private float[] transformTextureCoordinates( float[] coords, float[] matrix) { float[] result = new float[ coords.length ]; float[] vt = new float[4]; for ( int i = 0 ; i < coords.length ; i += 2 ) { float[] v = { coords[i], coords[i+1], 0 , 1 }; Matrix.multiplyMV(vt, 0, matrix, 0, v, 0); result[i] = vt[0]; result[i+1] = vt[1]; } return result; }
textureVerticesBuffer.clear();textureVerticesBuffer.put( transformTextureCoordinates( textureVertices, mtx ));textureVerticesBuffer.position(0);
我已經把代碼都融入到了此demo,僅僅只是在draw()方法裡麼有使用。
原因是使用之後。得到的預覽畫面反而是變形的。而不用的話是ok的。上面的代碼是得到SurfaceTexture的變換矩陣:mSurface.getTransformMatrix
然後將此矩陣傳遞給draw()。在draw的時候對textureVerticesBuffer作一個變化,然後再畫。
是未加這個矩陣變換效果時:
為使用了變換矩陣,劃片扭曲的還真說不上來咋扭曲的。但足以說明OpenGL ES在渲染效果上的強大,就是設定了個矩陣。不用一幀幀處理,就能得到不一樣顯示效果。
-----------------------------本文系原創。轉載請註明作者yanzi1225627
版本號碼號:PlayCamera_V3.0.0[2014-6-22].zip
CSDN下載連結:http://download.csdn.net/detail/yanzi1225627/7547263
百度雲端硬碟:
附個OpenGL ES簡明教程:http://www.apkbus.com/android-20427-1-1.html
玩轉Android Camera開發(三):國內首發---使用GLSurfaceView預覽Camera 基礎拍照demo