協議適配器錯誤

問：作業系統windows，oracle9i在服務端，以sys登陸不加服務名，登陸報錯；如果加上服務名登陸正確。重啟作業系統，重啟db，現在在服務端無論用什麼使用者登陸只要不加服務名都錯誤；串連時加上服務名就正確。到底為什麼呀？

C:>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期三 1月 31 08:46:08 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect sys/oracle@vassp as sysdba已串連。
SQL> exit從Oracle9i Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
JServer Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production中斷開

C:>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期三 1月 31 08:46:24 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect /as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS: 協議適配器錯誤
---------------------------------------------------------------
由於這個問題也正困繞著我，一直在關注這個貼子的動態．今天看到PondKa的回複後，才豁然開朗
我的平台：windows2003+oracle9.2.0.1.0
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
---------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 9.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
我的系統開始運行正常，系統只有一個資料庫test1,為了自己做測試，又建了第兩個資料庫test2,這樣當啟動test1的服務後，當登入總是報如下錯誤：
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS: 協議適配器錯誤
自己嘗試了幾次沒有搞定，發現登入時加上服務名可以正常登入，也就隨它去了，但這個問題也依然在自己腦中．
ＢＴＷ：自己為什麼沒有拿到論壇上來問問大家，ＢＳ一下自己
經過測試發現，
１．確認sqlnet.ora檔案中設定為作業系統驗證
　　SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)
2．查看windows對應的服務是否開啟
開啟services查看，服務名oracleservice<SID>的運行狀態，該服務的啟動與關閉也可通過CML（命令列 COMMAND LINE）進行操作．
SQL> $net start oracleserviceTEST2The OracleServiceTEST2 service is starting.
The OracleServiceTEST2 service was started successfully.

SQL> $net stop oracleserviceTEST2The OracleServiceTEST2 service is stopping...
The OracleServiceTEST2 service was stopped successfully.
註：WINNT中，在sqlplus中運行dos命令時，命令前加＂$＂符號
3．查看本地環境變數ORACLE_SID,ORACLE_HOME是否正確設定
C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator> set
ALLUSERSPROFILE=C:Documents and SettingsAll Users
APPDATA=C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorApplication Data
ClusterLog=C:WINDOWSClustercluster.log
CommonProgramFiles=C:Program FilesCommon Files
COMPUTERNAME=LDY
ComSpec=C:WINDOWSsystem32cmd.exe
FP_NO_HOST_CHECK=NO
HOMEDRIVE=C:
HOMEPATH=Documents and SettingsAdministrator
JSERV=F:oracleora92/Apache/Jserv/conf
LOGONSERVER=LDY
NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS=1
oracle_home=F:oracleora92
oracle_sid=TEST1OS=Windows_NT．．．．
4．如果沒有設定環境變數，請查看註冊表中，HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE->SOFTWARE->ORACLE->HOME0中的ORACLE_SID,ORACLE_HOME項是否正確設定，如果oracle只有一個資料庫，只需註冊表中正確設定即可，無需設定環境變數．當然，如果像有多個資料庫，需動態設定該環境變數
C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>set oracle_home=
C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>set oracle_sid=
C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>set
ALLUSERSPROFILE=C:Documents and SettingsAll Users
APPDATA=C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorApplication Data
ClusterLog=C:WINDOWSClustercluster.log
CommonProgramFiles=C:Program FilesCommon Files
COMPUTERNAME=LDY
ComSpec=C:WINDOWSsystem32cmd.exe
FP_NO_HOST_CHECK=NO
HOMEDRIVE=C:
HOMEPATH=Documents and SettingsAdministrator
JSERV=F:oracleora92/Apache/Jserv/conf
LOGONSERVER=LDY
NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS=1
OS=Windows_NT．．．無此變數
C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 2月 1 19:56:47 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba已串連。
5．如果有多個資料庫，若想預設串連某個資料庫，可不管當前註冊表的設定，手動設定環境變數ORACLE_SID即可請看實驗：
當前註冊表ORACLE_SID=TEST1，
C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>set oracle_sid=
C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 2月 1 20:39:41 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
SQL> $net stop oracleserviceTEST2
The OracleServiceTEST2 service is stopping...
The OracleServiceTEST2 service was stopped successfully.
SQL> $net stop oracleserviceTEST1
The OracleServiceTEST1 service is stopping........
The OracleServiceTEST1 service could not be stopped.
SQL> $net start oracleserviceTEST1
The OracleServiceTEST1 service is starting.
The OracleServiceTEST1 service was started successfully.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
已串連到空閑常式。
--註：當有註冊設定時，即使沒有設定環境變數，此時系統可按註冊表設定進行TEST1的登入
SQL> $net stop oracleserviceTEST1
The OracleServiceTEST1 service is stopping...
The OracleServiceTEST1 service was stopped successfully.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS: 協議適配器錯誤
警告: 您不再串連到 ORACLE。
--註：當相關WINNT服務ORACLESERVICETEST1沒有開啟，使用者將無法正常串連TEST1
SQL> $net start oracleserviceTEST1
The OracleServiceTEST1 service is starting.
The OracleServiceTEST1 service was started successfully.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
已串連到空閑常式。
SQL> exit
已中斷連線
C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>set oracle_sid=TEST2
C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 2月 1 20:45:29 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS: 協議適配器錯誤
--註：環境變數的設定影響使用者登入資料庫的選擇，此時設定為TEST2，而NT服務ORACLESERVICEQTEST2沒有開啟，所以顯示登入錯誤
SQL> $NET START ORACLESERVICEQTEST2
The OracleServiceTEST2 service is starting.
The OracleServiceTEST2 service was started successfully.
SQL> CONN / AS SYSDBA
已串連到空閑常式。