Python的GUI編程

Python的GUI編程

使用Tkinter模組來建立簡單的GUI程式。
Tkinter的Widgets有：Button、Canvas、Checkbutton、Entry、Frame、Label、Listbox、Menu、Menubutton、Message、Radiobutton、Scales、Scrollbar、TEXT、Toplevel等。

例：
# This program displays an empty window.
import Tkinter
def main():
  main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
  Tkinter.mainloop()
main()

例2：
import Tkinter
class MyGUI:
  def __init__(self):
  # Create the main window widget.
  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
   
  # Enter the Tkinter main loop.
  Tkinter.mainloop()
# Create an instance of the MyGUI class.
my_gui = MyGUI()

例3：
# The program displays a label with text.
import Tkinter
class MyGUI:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
  # Create a Label widget containing the text 'Hello world'
  self.label = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window, text='Hello World!')
  # Call the Label widget's pack method.
  self.label.pack()
  # Enter the Tkinter main loop.
  Tkinter.mainloop()
# Create an instance of the MyGUI class.
my_gui = MyGUI()

例4：
import Tkinter
class MyGUI:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
  self.label1 = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window,text='Hello World!')
  self.label2 = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window,text='This is my GUI program.')
  self.label1.pack()
  self.label2.pack()
  Tkinter.mainloop()
mygui = MyGUI()

例5：
import Tkinter
class MyGUI:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
  self.label1 = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window,text='Hello World!')
  self.label2 = Tkinter.Label(self.main_window,text='This is my GUI program.')
  self.label1.pack(side='left')
  self.label2.pack(side='left')
  Tkinter.mainloop()
mygui = MyGUI()

例6：
import Tkinter
class MyGUI:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
  self.top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
  self.bottom_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
  self.label1 = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Winken')
  self.label2 = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Blinken')
  self.label3 = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Nod')
   
  self.label1.pack(side='top')
  self.label2.pack(side='top')
  self.label3.pack(side='top')
   
  self.label4 = Tkinter.Label(self.bottom_frame,text='Winken')
  self.label5 = Tkinter.Label(self.bottom_frame,text='Blinken')
  self.label6 = Tkinter.Label(self.bottom_frame,text='Nod')
   
  self.label4.pack(side='left')
  self.label5.pack(side='left')
  self.label6.pack(side='left')
   
  self.top_frame.pack()
  self.bottom_frame.pack()
   
  Tkinter.mainloop()
mygui = MyGUI()

按鈕Widget和資訊對話方塊
使用tkMessageBox模組的showinfo函數來顯示資訊對話方塊。
例：
# the program demonstrates a Button widget.
# when the user clicks the button, an info dialog box is displayed.
import Tkinter
import tkMessageBox
class MyGUI:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
  self.my_button = Tkinter.Button(self.main_window, text='Click me!',command=self.do_something)
  self.my_button.pack()
  Tkinter.mainloop()
  def do_something(self):
  tkMessageBox.showinfo('Response','Thanks for clicking the button.')
mygui = MyGUI()

例2：
import Tkinter
import tkMessageBox
class MyGUI:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
  self.my_button = Tkinter.Button(self.main_window, text='Click me!',command=self.do_something)
  self.quit_button = Tkinter.Button(self.main_window,text='Quit',command=self.main_window.quit)
  self.my_button.pack()
  self.quit_button.pack()
  Tkinter.mainloop()
  def do_something(self):
  tkMessageBox.showinfo('Response','Thanks for clicking the button.')
mygui = MyGUI()

用Entry Widget得到輸入
Entry Widget是一個矩形地區，使用者可輸入其中。可使用Entry Widget的get方法取回輸入的資料。
例：
import Tkinter
import tkMessageBox
class KiloGUI:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
  self.top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
  self.bottom_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
  self.label = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Enter a distance in kilometers:')
  self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self.top_frame,width=10)
  self.button1 = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='Convert',command=self.convert)
  self.button2 = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='Quit',command=self.main_window.quit)
   
  self.label.pack(side='left')
  self.entry.pack(side='left')
  self.button1.pack(side='left')
  self.button2.pack(side='left')
  self.top_frame.pack()
  self.bottom_frame.pack()
   
  Tkinter.mainloop()
  def convert(self):
  kilo = float(self.entry.get())
  miles = kilo*0.6214
  tkMessageBox.showinfo('Result',str(kilo)+' kilometers is equal to '+str(miles)+' miles.')
   
mygui = KiloGUI()

例2：
import Tkinter
import tkMessageBox
class KiloGUI:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
  self.top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
  self.mid_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
  self.bottom_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
   
  self.label1 = Tkinter.Label(self.top_frame,text='Enter a distance in kilometers:')
  self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self.top_frame,width=10)
   
  self.button1 = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='Convert',command=self.convert)
  self.button2 = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='Quit',command=self.main_window.quit)
   
  self.label2 = Tkinter.Label(self.mid_frame,text='Converted to miles:')
  self.value = Tkinter.StringVar()
  self.label3 = Tkinter.Label(self.mid_frame,textvariable=self.value)
   
  self.label1.pack(side='left')
  self.entry.pack(side='left')
   
  self.button1.pack(side='left')
  self.button2.pack(side='left')
   
  self.label2.pack(side='left')
  self.label3.pack(side='left')
   
  self.top_frame.pack()
  self.mid_frame.pack()
  self.bottom_frame.pack()
   
  Tkinter.mainloop()
  def convert(self):
  kilo = float(self.entry.get())
  miles = kilo*0.6214
  self.value.set(miles)
   
mygui = KiloGUI()

Radio按鈕和Check按鈕
例：
import Tkinter
import tkMessageBox
class MyGUI:
  def __init__(self):
  self.main_window = Tkinter.Tk()
  self.top_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
  self.bottom_frame = Tkinter.Frame(self.main_window)
   
  self.radio_var = Tkinter.IntVar()
  self.radio_var.set(1)
  self.rb1 = Tkinter.Radiobutton(self.top_frame,text='Option 1',variable=self.radio_var,value=1)
  self.rb2 = Tkinter.Radiobutton(self.top_frame,text='Option 2',variable=self.radio_var,value=2)
  self.rb3 = Tkinter.Radiobutton(self.top_frame,text='Option 3',variable=self.radio_var,value=3)
   
  self.rb1.pack()
  self.rb2.pack()
  self.rb3.pack()
   
  self.ok_button = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='OK',command=self.show_choice)
  self.quit_button = Tkinter.Button(self.bottom_frame,text='QUIT',command=self.main_window.quit)
   
  self.ok_button.pack(side='left')
  self.quit_button.pack(side='left')
   
  self.top_frame.pack()
  self.bottom_frame.pack()
   
  Tkinter.mainloop()
   
  def show_choice(self):
  tkMessageBox.showinfo('Selection','You selected optioin '+str(self.radio_var.get()))
mygui = MyGUI()