Python模組——xml

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xml模組

xml是實現不同語言或程式之間進行資料交換的協議，跟json差不多，但json使用起來更簡單，

不過，古時候，在json還沒誕生的黑暗年代，大家只能選擇用xml呀，至今很多傳統公司如金融行業的很多系統的介面還主要是xml。

xml的格式如下，就是通過<>節點來區別資料結構的:

<?xml version="1.0"?><data>    <country name="Liechtenstein">        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>        <year>2008</year>        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>    </country>    <country name="Singapore">        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>        <year>2011</year>        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>    </country>    <country name="Panama">        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>        <year>2011</year>        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>    </country></data>

xml協議在各個語言裡的都 是支援的，在python中可以用以下模組操作xml

遍曆

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETtree = ET.parse("xml test")  # 開啟xml檔案root = tree.getroot()  # 得到根節點# print(dir(root))print(root.tag)# 遍曆xml文檔for child in root:    print(‘----------‘,child.tag, child.attrib)  # 列印country節點    for i in child:        print(i.tag,i.text)

修改和刪除xml文檔內容

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETtree = ET.parse("xml_test")root = tree.getroot() #f.seek(0)# 修改for node in root.iter(‘year‘):    new_year = int(node.text) + 5    node.text = str(new_year) # 修改內容    node.set("attr_test","false")tree.write(‘output.xml‘) # 寫入檔案# #刪除nodefor country in root.findall(‘country‘):   rank = int(country.find(‘rank‘).text)   if rank > 50:     root.remove(country)tree.write(‘output.xml‘)

建立xml

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETroot = ET.Element("namelist")  # 建立rootname = ET.SubElement(root,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})  # 建立child--nameage = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"}) # 建立name child--age,sex,namesex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")n = ET.SubElement(name,"name")n.text = "Alex Li"sex.text = ‘male‘name2 = ET.SubElement(root,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")age.text = ‘19‘et = ET.ElementTree(root)  # 產生文檔對象et.write("build_out.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)

 由於原生儲存的XML時預設無縮排，如果想要設定縮排的話， 需要修改儲存方式

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETfrom xml.dom import minidomdef subElement(root, tag, text):    ele = ET.SubElement(root, tag)    ele.text = textdef saveXML(root, filename, indent="\t", newl="\n", encoding="utf-8"):    rawText = ET.tostring(root)    dom = minidom.parseString(rawText)    with open(filename, ‘w‘) as f:        dom.writexml(f, "", indent, newl, encoding)root = ET.Element("namelist")to = root.makeelement("to", {})to.text = "peter"root.append(to)name = ET.SubElement(root,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})  # 建立child--nameage = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"}) # 建立name child--age,sex,namesex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")n = ET.SubElement(name,"name")n.text = "Alex Li"sex.text = ‘male‘name2 = ET.SubElement(root,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")age.text = ‘19‘# et = ET.ElementTree(root)  # 產生文檔對象# 儲存xml檔案saveXML(root, "note.xml")

 

Python模組——xml