Linux下快速安裝MongoDB

Linux下快速安裝MongoDB

MongoDB 是目前在IT行業非常流行的一種非關係型資料庫(NoSql),其靈活的資料存放區方式備受當前IT從業人員的青睞。MongoDB很好的實現了物件導向的思想(OO思想),在MongoDB中 每一條記錄都是一個Document對象。MongoDB最大的優勢在於所有的資料持久操作都無需開發人員手動編寫SQL語句,直接調用方法就可以輕鬆的實現CRUD操作。本文介紹了如何快速安裝mongodb供大家參考。

一、安裝配置mongodb
Step 1: 設定系統內容及確保預設連接埠27107可用
###當前環境
# cat /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)

# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

Step 2: 下載安裝檔案
： https://www.mongodb.org/downloads.
或者直接在命令提示字元下使用curl命令下載
curl -O https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.6.tgz

Step 3: 解壓下載的檔案
# pwd
/usr/local/src
# tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.gz  ###注，本文直接從網站下載，所以檔案為.gz

Step 4: 複製解壓檔案到運行目錄
# mkdir -p /var/lib/mongodb
# cp -R -n /usr/local/src/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6/. /var/lib/mongodb/

Step 5: 設定環境變數
e.g. export PATH=<mongodb-install-directory>/bin:$PATH
# vi ~/.bash_profile
 export PATH=/var/lib/mongodb/bin:$PATH
# source ~/.bash_profile

Step 6: 建立資料目錄
# mkdir -p /data/mongodata

二、啟動及驗證mongodb
###啟動mongo
# mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata

###以下內容為啟動後輸出的相關資訊
2015-10-28T10:03:33.100+0800 I JOURNAL  [initandlisten] journal dir=/data/mongodata/journal
2015-10-28T10:03:33.101+0800 I JOURNAL  [initandlisten] recover : no journal files present, no recovery needed
2015-10-28T10:03:33.264+0800 I JOURNAL  [initandlisten] preallocateIsFaster=true 2.18
2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL  [durability] Durability thread started
2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL  [journal writer] Journal writer thread started
2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=10191 port=27017 dbpath=/data/mongodata 64-bit host=java_2
2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] db version v3.0.6
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] build info: Linux ip-10-67-194-123 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Nov 9 08:03:13 EST 2011 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_49
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/data/mongodata" } }
2015-10-28T10:03:33.404+0800 I INDEX    [initandlisten] allocating new ns file /data/mongodata/local.ns, filling with zeroes...
2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE  [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /data/mongodata/local.0, filling with zeroes...
2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE  [FileAllocator] creating directory /data/mongodata/_tmp
2015-10-28T10:03:33.497+0800 I STORAGE  [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /data/mongodata/local.0, size: 64MB,  took 0.001 secs
2015-10-28T10:03:33.511+0800 I NETWORK  [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017

###停止mongo，直接使用ctrl + c
^C2015-10-28T10:09:21.510+0800 I CONTROL  [signalProcessingThread] got signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I CONTROL  [signalProcessingThread] now exiting
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close listening sockets...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 5
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 6
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] removing socket file: /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to flush diaglog...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close sockets...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: final commit...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL  [signalProcessingThread] journalCleanup...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL  [signalProcessingThread] removeJournalFiles
2015-10-28T10:09:21.515+0800 I JOURNAL  [signalProcessingThread] Terminating durability thread ...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL  [journal writer] Journal writer thread stopped
2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL  [durability] Durability thread stopped
2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: closing all files...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] closeAllFiles() finished
2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: removing fs lock...
2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I CONTROL  [signalProcessingThread] dbexit:  rc: 0

###修複啟動過程中的兩個警告，關於使用root使用者啟動mongo的警告先忽略
# echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
# echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

###再次重啟，後置於後台進程，
# mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata &

###查看啟動後的進程
# ps -ef|grep mongo |grep -v grep
root    11115 27956  0 10:11 pts/2    00:00:00 mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata
# lsof -i:27017
COMMAND  PID USER  FD  TYPE  DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mongod  11115 root    5u  IPv4 50567119      0t0  TCP *:27017 (LISTEN)

###使用mongo串連到mongod
# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.6
connecting to: test
2015-10-28T10:14:30.685+0800 I NETWORK  [initandlisten] connection accepted from 127.0.0.1:53907 #1 (1 connection now open)
Server has startup warnings:
2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]
> help
        db.help()                    help on db methods
        db.mycoll.help()            help on collection methods
        sh.help()                    sharding helpers
        rs.help()                    replica set helpers
        help admin                  administrative help
        help connect                connecting to a db help
        help keys                    key shortcuts
        help misc                    misc things to know
        help mr                      mapreduce

        show dbs                    show database names
        show collections            show collections in current database
        show users                  show users in current database
        show profile                show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
        show logs                    show the accessible logger names
        show log [name]              prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default
        use <db_name>                set current database
        db.foo.find()                list objects in collection foo
        db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )    list objects in foo where a == 1
        it                          result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
        DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x  set default number of items to display on shell
        exit                        quit the mongo shell
> db.getCollection("version");
test.version
> exit
bye

三、mongodb相關工具
###在安裝檔案下有README，描述了常用的mongodb相關命令列工具
# more /usr/local/mongodb/README
MongoDB README
Welcome to MongoDB!
COMPONENTS

  bin/mongod - The database process.
  bin/mongos - Sharding controller.
  bin/mongo  - The database shell (uses interactive javascript).

UTILITIES

  bin/mongodump        - MongoDB dump tool - for backups, snapshots, etc..
  bin/mongorestore      - MongoDB restore a dump
  bin/mongoexport      - Export a single collection to test (JSON, CSV)
  bin/mongoimport      - Import from JSON or CSV
  bin/mongofiles        - Utility for putting and getting files from MongoDB GridFS
  bin/mongostat        - Show performance statistics

RUNNING

  For command line options invoke:

    $ ./mongod --help

  To run a single server database:

    $ mkdir /data/db
    $ ./mongod
    $
    $ # The mongo javascript shell connects to localhost and test database by default:
    $ ./mongo
    > help

DRIVERS

  Client drivers for most programming languages are available at mongodb.org.  Use the
  shell ("mongo") for administrative tasks.

###擷取單個命令用法
# <command> --help
# mongod --help|more
Options:

General options:
  -h [ --help ]              show this usage information
  --version                  show version information

# mongod --version
db version v3.0.6
git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2 

更多MongoDB相關內容可以看看以下的有用連結： 

MongoDB 3.0 正式版發布下載 

CentOS編譯安裝MongoDB

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CentOS 6 使用 yum 安裝MongoDB及伺服器端配置

Ubuntu 13.04下安裝MongoDB2.4.3

MongoDB入門必讀(概念與實戰並重)

Ubunu 14.04下MongoDB的安裝指南

《MongoDB 權威指南》(MongoDB: The Definitive Guide)英文文字版[PDF]

Nagios監控MongoDB分區叢集服務實戰

基於CentOS 6.5作業系統搭建MongoDB服務

MongoDB 的詳細介紹：請點這裡
MongoDB 的：請點這裡

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