基於mysqldump快速搭建從庫，mysqldump搭建

基於mysqldump快速搭建從庫，mysqldump搭建

    mysql主從搭建總的來說大致分為3個步驟，一是為主從執行個體添加複製所需參數以及建立複製用的賬戶，二在是需要在主庫建立快照，三是在從庫上添加指向主庫IP，連接埠，使用者名稱，密碼，binlog位置等。而對於主從搭建的快照方式有很多種，如使用InnoDB hotbak，xtrabackup，mysqldump以及直接使用tar方式來建立快照。本文主要介紹使用mysqldump方式來建立快照，適用於不超過20GB左右的資料庫。

    與本文有關的相關參考：
        使用mysqldump匯出資料庫
        MySQL 複製簡要描述及樣本
        MySQL多執行個體配置(一)
        MySQL多執行個體配置(二)

1、執行個體層級的主從搭建

-- 示範環境，另，本文示範基於同一主機的多執行個體，主連接埠為3406，從連接埠為3506master@localhost[(none)]> show variables like 'version';+---------------+------------+| Variable_name | Value      |+---------------+------------+| version       | 5.6.12-log |+---------------+------------+master@localhost[(none)]> system cat /etc/issueCentOS release 5.4 (Final)Kernel \r on an \m--有關參主從數配置，請參考MySQL 複製簡要描述及樣本--建立用於複製的賬戶master@localhost[(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.1.177' identified by 'xxx';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)--全域讀鎖master@localhost[(none)]> flush tables with read lock;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)master@localhost[(none)]> system pwd/data/inst3406--擷取master binlog位置master@localhost[(none)]> show master status;+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File               | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| inst3406bin.000001 |     2169 |              |                  |                   |+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)--使用mysqldump匯出執行個體master@localhost[(none)]> system mysqldump -uroot -pxxx -S /tmp/mysql3406.sock --routines --all-databases --opt >alldb.sqlmaster@localhost[(none)]> system lsalldb.sql  data3406  --解鎖master@localhost[(none)]> unlock tables;master@localhost[(none)]> exit--從庫上面匯入dump[mysql@app inst3406]$ mysql -uroot -pxxx -S /tmp/mysql3506.sock <alldb.sql--從庫上設定主庫的相關資訊(host,port等等)[mysql@app inst3506]$ mysqlsslave@localhost[(none)]> change master to    -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.177',      -> MASTER_USER='repl',      -> MASTER_PASSWORD='xxx',      -> MASTER_PORT=3406,      -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='inst3406bin.000001',      -> MASTER_LOG_POS=2169;  Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)--啟動slaveslave@localhost[(none)]> start slave;

2、部分庫從庫搭建

--以下示範為僅搭建部分從庫，為只同步sakila tempdb 2個庫--重設從庫slave@localhost[(none)]> stop slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)slave@localhost[(none)]> reset slave all;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)--為從庫添加只同步sakila tempdb 2個庫，以下為修改後的結果[mysql@app ~]$ grep replicate /data/inst3506/data3506/my3506.cnf replicate-do-db=testreplicate-do-db=sakila[mysql@app ~]$ grep skip-slave /data/inst3506/data3506/my3506.cnfskip-slave-start--修改後重啟3506以使從配置生效[mysql@app ~]$ mysqladmin -uroot -pxxx -S /tmp/mysql3506.sock shutdown[mysql@app ~]$ mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/inst3506/data3506/my3506.cnf &--從主庫僅匯出sakila tempdb[mysql@app ~]$ mysqldump -uroot -pxxx -S /tmp/mysql3406.sock --single-transaction --master-data=2 -R --database sakila tempdb>multidb.sql--在從庫端登陸執行dump檔案[mysql@app ~]$ mysqlsslave@localhost[(none)]> source multidb.sql--查看dump期間的master binlog位置slave@localhost[tempdb]> system grep -i "change master" multidb.sql-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='inst3406bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=3293117;--從庫上設定主庫的相關資訊(host,port等等)slave@localhost[tempdb]> change master to    -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.177',      -> MASTER_USER='repl',      -> MASTER_PASSWORD='xxx',      -> MASTER_PORT=3406,      -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='inst3406bin.000001',      -> MASTER_LOG_POS=3293117; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)--啟動從庫slave@localhost[tempdb]> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- Author : Leshami-- Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami--校正結果slave@localhost[tempdb]> show slave status \G*************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.177                  Master_User: repl                  Master_Port: 3406                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: inst3406bin.000001          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 3293117               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002                Relay_Log_Pos: 285        Relay_Master_Log_File: inst3406bin.000001             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB: test,sakila--需要注意的是，本文的mysqldump期間，--single-transaction 僅僅對innodb引擎有效--如果僅使用--master-data，則會開啟--lock-all-tablesThe --master-data and --single-transaction options can be used simultaneously, which provides a convenient way to       make an online backup suitable for use prior to point-in-time recovery if tables are stored using the InnoDB       storage engine.