快速從一個XML檔案中尋找資訊

來源:互聯網
上載者:User

在網路時代,XML檔案起到了一個儲存和傳輸資料的作用。Soap協議通過Xml交流資訊,資料庫通過Xml檔案存取等等。那麼怎樣快速的從一個XML檔案中取得所需的資訊呢?

我們知道,JAVA的JAXP中和Microsoft.Net都有Xml分析器,Microsoft.Net是邊讀邊分析,而JAXP是讀到記憶體中然後才進行分析(還有一種是事件機制去讀),總而言之,是不利於快速讀取。基於此,Microsoft.Net 和JAXP都提供了XPATH機制,來快速定位到XML檔案中所需的節點。

例如有一個XML檔案:booksort.xml:

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!-- a fragment of a book store inventory database -->

<bookstore xmlns:bk="urn:samples">

<book genre="novel" publicationdate="1997" bk:ISBN="1-861001-57-8">

<title>Pride And Prejudice</title>

<author>

<first-name>Jane</first-name>

<last-name>Austen</last-name>

</author>

<price>24.95</price>

</book>

<book genre="novel" publicationdate="1992" bk:ISBN="1-861002-30-1">

<title>The Handmaid's Tale</title>

<author>

<first-name>Margaret</first-name>

<last-name>Atwood</last-name>

</author>

<price>29.95</price>

</book>

<book genre="novel" publicationdate="1991" bk:ISBN="1-861001-57-6">

<title>Emma</title>

<author>

<first-name>Jane</first-name>

<last-name>Austen</last-name>

</author>

<price>19.95</price>

</book>

<book genre="novel" publicationdate="1982" bk:ISBN="1-861001-45-3">

<title>Sense and Sensibility</title>

<author>

<first-name>Jane</first-name>

<last-name>Austen</last-name>

</author>

<price>19.95</price>

</book>

</bookstore>

如果我們想快速尋找”last-name”等於”Austen”的所有標題名,可以通過以下方法可以得到:

XmlReaderSample.cs

//Corelib.net/System.Xml.Xsl/XPathDocument Class

//Author :Any

using System;

using System.IO;

using System.Xml;

using System.Xml.XPath;

public class XmlReaderSample

{

public static void Main()

{

XmlTextReader myxtreader = new XmlTextReader("booksort.xml");

XmlReader myxreader = myxtreader;

XPathDocument doc = new XPathDocument(myxreader);

XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator();

XPathExpression expr;

expr = nav.Compile("descendant::book[author/last-name='Austen']");

//expr.AddSort("title", XmlSortOrder.Ascending, XmlCaseOrder.None, "", XmlDataType.Text);

XPathNodeIterator iterator = nav.Select(expr);

while (iterator.MoveNext())

{

XPathNavigator nav2 = iterator.Current;

nav2.MoveToFirstChild();

Console.WriteLine("Book title: {0}", nav2.Value);

}

}

}

運行這個程式,結果為:

Book title: Pride And Prejudice

Book title: Emma

Book title: Sense and Sensibility

可以看到尋找正確。

利用XPATH中的一些功能,也可以實現簡單的排序和簡單運算。如在資料庫中經常要對資料進行匯總,就可用XPATH實現。

如:

order.xml

<!--Represents a customer order-->

<order>

<book ISBN='10-861003-324'>

<title>The Handmaid's Tale</title>

<price>19.95</price>

</book>

<cd ISBN='2-3631-4'>

<title>Americana</title>

<price>16.95</price>

</cd>

</order>

和:books.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!-- This file represents a fragment of a book store inventory database -->

<bookstore>

<book cc="dd" xmlns:bk="urn:sample" xmlns:ns="http://www.Any.com" genre="autobiography" publicationdate="1981" ISBN="1-861003-11-0">

<title>The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin</title>

<ns:author>

<first-name>Benjamin</first-name>

<last-name>Franklin</last-name>

</ns:author>

<price>8.99</price>

</book>

<book genre="novel" publicationdate="1967" ISBN="0-201-63361-2">

<title>The Confidence Man</title>

<author>

<first-name>Herman</first-name>

<last-name>Melville</last-name>

</author>

<price>11.99</price>

</book>

<book genre="philosophy" publicationdate="1991" ISBN="1-861001-57-6">

<title>The Gorgias</title>

<author>

<name>Plato</name>

</author>

<price>9.99</price>

</book>

</bookstore>

我們可以對該XML檔案中的price求和,以得到價格總數。

Evaluate.cs

//Corelib.net/System.Xml.Xsl/XPathNavigator Class

//Author :Any

using System;

using System.IO;

using System.Xml;

using System.Xml.XPath;

 

public class EvaluateSample

{

public static void Main()

{

EvaluateSample myEvaluateSample = new EvaluateSample();

myEvaluateSample.test("books.xml");

}

public void test(String args)

{

try

{

//test Evaluate(String);

XPathDocument myXPathDocument = new XPathDocument(args);

XPathNavigator myXPathNavigator = myXPathDocument.CreateNavigator();

Console.WriteLine(myXPathNavigator.Evaluate("sum(descendant::book/price)"));

//testEvaluate(XPathExpression);

XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();

doc.Load("order.xml");

XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator();

XPathExpression expr = nav.Compile("sum(//price/text())");

Console.WriteLine(nav.Evaluate(expr));

//testEvaluate(XPathExpression);

XPathNodeIterator myXPathNodeIterator = nav.Select("descendant::book/title");

expr = nav.Compile("sum(//price/text())");

Console.WriteLine(nav.Evaluate(expr,myXPathNodeIterator));

}

catch (Exception e)

{

Console.WriteLine ("Exception: {0}", e.ToString());

}

}

}

運行這個程式,結果如下:

30.97

36.9

36.9

我們可以看到,30.97是books.xml中所有price值的總和,而36.9則是order.xml中所有price值的總和。通過XPAH不僅可以快速尋找資訊,而且還可以對資訊進行一些基本的處理。

聯繫我們

該頁面正文內容均來源於網絡整理,並不代表阿里雲官方的觀點,該頁面所提到的產品和服務也與阿里云無關,如果該頁面內容對您造成了困擾,歡迎寫郵件給我們,收到郵件我們將在5個工作日內處理。

如果您發現本社區中有涉嫌抄襲的內容,歡迎發送郵件至: info-contact@alibabacloud.com 進行舉報並提供相關證據,工作人員會在 5 個工作天內聯絡您,一經查實,本站將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內容。

A Free Trial That Lets You Build Big!

Start building with 50+ products and up to 12 months usage for Elastic Compute Service

  • Sales Support

    1 on 1 presale consultation

  • After-Sales Support

    24/7 Technical Support 6 Free Tickets per Quarter Faster Response

  • Alibaba Cloud offers highly flexible support services tailored to meet your exact needs.