Redhat 6.2 64位系統安裝Oracle 11g R2資料庫

作業系統：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.2 x86_64
Oracle版本：Oracle Database 11g Release 2

Oracle官方下載地址：
File1：http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
File2：http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

Oracle11gR2官方文檔地址：http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24326/toc.htm#CEGHFFGG

使用到的工具：
SecureCRT
VNC-Viewer-5.1.1-Windows-64bit.exe（http://www.realvnc.com/download/viewer/）

伺服器IP：192.168.109.129

硬體要求：官方要求記憶體至少1GB，推薦2GB或更多。

官方給的實體記憶體和Swap交換空間的關係表：

Available RAM Swap Space Required
Between 1 GB and 2 GB 1.5 times the size of the RAM
Between 2 GB and 16 GB Equal to the size of the RAM
More than 16 GB 16 GB

檢查本機記憶體：

[root@localhost ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        1164632 kB
[root@localhost ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:       2097144 kB
[root@localhost ~]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          1137       1026        111          0         18        430
-/+ buffers/cache:        576        560
Swap:         2047        190       1857

查看本機系統架構：

[root@localhost ~]# uname -m
x86_64

磁碟空間要求：

官方要求/tmp空間至少要1GB

[root@localhost ~]# df -h /tmp/
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3              38G   14G   22G  39% /

檢查軟體環境：
支援的系統（只選取redhat）：
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (with the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux)

核心要求：
·        On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
        2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later
·        On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6with Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel
        2.6.32-100.28.5.el6.x86_64 or later

查看本機核心版本：

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64

官方要求需要安裝的軟體包：

The following or later version of packages for Oracle Linux 6, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 must be installed:

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)

Oracle ODBC Driver:

On Oracle Linux 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6:
unixODBC-2.2.14-11.el6 (x86_64) or later
unixODBC-2.2.14-11.el6.i686 or later
unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-11.el6 (x86_64) or later
unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-11.el6.i686 or later

檢查並安裝所要求的軟體包：
由於所需安裝的包既有32位，又有64位，所以就一個個檢查安裝。
檢查使用rpm -q packgename  （不看版本號碼）
安裝使用rpm -ivh packge_full_name
我這裡已經使用系統硬碟做好了本地yum源，由於使用rpm -ivh packge_full_name安裝時可能會存在依賴包，所以直接使用yum安裝的方式來安裝，如下：

系統掛在在/iso目錄下：

[root@localhost ~]# cd /iso/Packages/
[root@localhost Packages]# yum -y install binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.28.el6.x86_64.rpm
這樣有依賴包便會自動安裝，已經裝了的話，直接跳過就ok，注意，務必一個個安裝，避免遺失包，後米安裝時報錯。

建立所需的使用者和組：

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -Gdba oracle
[root@localhost ~]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall)groups=500(oinstall),501(dba)
[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is toosimplistic/systematic
BAD PASSWORD: is too simple
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully.

配置核心參數：
官方要求的：
查看方法：
在/etc/sysctl.conf檔案中添加以下：

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152    #此行不加
kernel.shmmax = 536870912  #此行不加
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

生效：

[root@localhost ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p

確認值被正確設定：
1
[root@localhost ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a

在oracle使用者下檢查設定Resource Limits
k3.png
To create the Oracle base directory:
Enter the following command to display information about all mounted file systems:
# df -k
This command displays information about all the file systems mounted on the system, including:
The physical device name
The total amount, used amount, and available amount of disk space
The mount point directory for that file system
From the display, identify either one or two file systems that meet the disk space requirements mentioned earlier in this section.
Note the name of the mount point directory for each file system that you identified.
Enter commands similar to the following to create the recommended subdirectories in the mount point directory that you identified and set the appropriate owner, group, and permissions on them:
# mkdir -p /mount_point/app/
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /mount_point/app/
# chmod -R 775 /mount_point/app/
For example:
# mkdir -p /u01/app/
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

添加以下：

oracle  soft    nproc   2047
oracle  hard    nproc   16384
oracle  soft    nofile  1024
oracle  hard    nofile  65536

建立所需目錄：

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/app
[root@localhost ~]# chown -Roracle:oinstall /oracle/app/
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775/oracle/app/

配置oracle使用者的環境變數：

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile
添加以下：（紅色部分）：
# .bash_profile
 
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
       . ~/.bashrc
fi
 
# User specific environment and startupprograms
 
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bina
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
ORACLE_SID=orcl
 
export PATH ORACLE_BASEORACLE_SID

開始安裝：

上傳安裝檔案linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip和linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip至/目錄
使用root使用者解壓：
 
[root@localhost/]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[root@localhost/]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
ok,安裝前工作完成，為確保所有設定都神效，最好重啟一下機器。
# reboot

重啟後，進入圖形介面，終端下執行：
 
[root@test~]# xhost +
[root@test~]# su - oracle
[oracle@test~]$ cd /database/
[oracle@testdatabase]$ ./runInstaller