samba伺服器的設定筆記

環境：
Linux OS:Fedora10
Samba:sambe-3.2.4

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1.查看系統預設的samba版本號碼

登入FEDORA10後，使用
[root@localhost ~]# whereis samba
samba: /etc/samba /usr/lib/samba /usr/share/man/man7/samba.7.gz
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa samba
samba-3.2.4-0.22.fc10.i386
[root@localhost ~]#
已經安裝了samba-3.2.4版本，不需要再手工安裝，這是系統預設裝的，可以用service smb start啟動samba服務；

之前在CentOS5.3上手工裝的samba可以先刪除掉，且將/etc/profile檔案中的PATH變數恢複原樣，以及將/etc/man.config檔案恢複原樣；使用系統預設的samba服務和設定檔去設定；

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2.設定smb.conf檔案
參考文章
http://doc.chinahtml.com/manual/rhl-cg-zh_cn-9/s1-samba-configuring.html
命令列配置
要指定 Windows 工作群組和對它的簡短描述，編輯 smb.conf 檔案中的以下幾行：
workgroup = WORKGROUPNAME
server string = BRIEF COMMENT ABOUT SERVER
把 WORKGROUPNAME 換成你的機器所屬的 Windows 工作群組名。BRIEF COMMENT ABOUT SERVER 是可選的，它被用作關於 Samba 系統的 Windows 注釋。

要在你的 Linux 系統上建立 Samba 共用目錄，在 smb.conf 檔案中添加以下幾行（根據你和你的系統需要修改了該檔案之後）：

[sharename] #共用資料夾的顯示名稱
comment = Insert a comment here #comment注釋
path = /home/share/ #共用的實體路徑
valid users = tfox carole #共用檔案的可訪問使用者，此項一般是在“security = user”情況下；
public = no #不公開
writable = yes #可寫
printable = no #不可列印
create mask = 0765 #預設建立檔案的許可權

以下為我的檔案（security = user 時）：
[sharename]
comment = Insert a comment here （test）
path = /home/share/
valid users = chenxin
public = no
writable = yes
printable = no
create mask = 0765

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3.“smbpasswd的添加”以及“實體路徑下檔案許可權的修改”：

之後通過//192.168.0.61訪問，發現無論輸入哪個帳戶，都無法訪問；
之後用：smbpasswd -a chenxin  輸入新的密碼後（我設定了一個和系統使用者chenxin的密碼一樣的smb密碼chenxin2006@），再重啟smb服務，即可以訪問samba伺服器了，但內部檔案夾內還是無法建立檔案：

原因是/home/share 檔案夾的許可權是755，所以將/home/share檔案夾的許可權更改為777，問題解決。
同時，利用預設的chenxin賬戶去訪問時，在預設共用出來的/home/chenxin檔案夾中，可以任意增刪檔案；

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4.匿名訪問的許可權問題以及匿名訪問的smb.conf檔案的修改

之後尋找匿名訪問並可隨意讀寫的問題：
在設定檔中，添加如下語句，
[anonymity]
comment = Anonymity
path = /home/anonymity
public = yes
writable = yes
printable = no
create mask = 0765

這樣，就可以通過匿名帳號訪問/home/anonymity檔案夾了，而且不需要帳號密碼，就具有了讀寫權限，同時，原先的/home/share檔案夾是需要使用者驗證的，所以share檔案夾訪問不了，會提示輸入guest帳號的密碼；
其他：嘗試以下內容
在系統裡建立了一個Guest帳號，密碼設定為chenxin2006@,且用smbpasswd -a Guest添加了smb的密碼，最後在/etc/samba/smb.conf檔案的[sharename]位置後，也就是修改為 valid users = chenxin Guest 後，在訪問sharename檔案夾，windows系統跳出來的使用者身分識別驗證資訊中，使用者名稱仍然是灰色的“Guest”，密碼欄無論怎麼輸入，都訪問不了，這可能和windows系統有關係吧；

預設情況下，在添加系統帳號後，/home下產生的使用者主目錄的許可權是700，故在設定其他帳號訪問此目錄下的子檔案夾的時候，請注意許可權問題！

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5.說明

# 為注釋檔案；
; 為使用者可能需要啟用的功能；
系統中預設安裝的samba-3.2.4版本的smb.conf檔案中有很多比較好的常式，可以加以修改採用；同時，smb.conf中有很多解釋語句，更好的理解設定檔；

附錄我的smb.conf整個檔案內容:
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options (perhaps too
# many!) most of which are not shown in this example
#
# For a step to step guide on installing, configuring and using samba,
# read the Samba-HOWTO-Collection. This may be obtained from:
#  http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection.pdf
#
# Many working examples of smb.conf files can be found in the
# Samba-Guide which is generated daily and can be downloaded from:
#  http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-Guide.pdf
#
# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)
# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #
# for commentry and a ; for parts of the config file that you
# may wish to enable
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command "testparm"
# to check that you have not made any basic syntactic errors.
#
#---------------
# SELINUX NOTES:
#
# If you want to use the useradd/groupadd family of binaries please run:
# setsebool -P samba_domain_controller on
#
# If you want to share home directories via samba please run:
# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on
#
# If you create a new directory you want to share you should mark it as
# "samba-share_t" so that selinux will let you write into it.
# Make sure not to do that on system directories as they may already have
# been marked with othe SELinux labels.
#
# Use ls -ldZ /path to see which context a directory has
#
# Set labels only on directories you created!
# To set a label use the following: chcon -t samba_share_t /path
#
# If you need to share a system created directory you can use one of the
# following (read-only/read-write):
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on
# or
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on
#
# If you want to run scripts (preexec/root prexec/print command/...) please
# put them into the /var/lib/samba/scripts directory so that smbd will be
# allowed to run them.
# Make sure you COPY them and not MOVE them so that the right SELinux context
# is applied, to check all is ok use restorecon -R -v /var/lib/samba/scripts
#
#--------------
#
#======================= Global Settings =====================================
 
[global]
 
# ----------------------- Netwrok Related Options -------------------------
#
# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name, eg: MIDEARTH
#
# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
#
# netbios name can be used to specify a server name not tied to the hostname
#
# Interfaces lets you configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
# If you have multiple network interfaces then you can list the ones
# you want to listen on (never omit localhost)
#
# Hosts Allow/Hosts Deny lets you restrict who can connect, and you can
# specifiy it as a per share option as well
#
 workgroup = MYGROUPCHENXIN
 server string = Chenxin Samba Server Version %v
 
; netbios name = MYSERVER
 
; interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
; hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13.
 
# --------------------------- Logging Options -----------------------------
#
# Log File let you specify where to put logs and how to split them up.
#
# Max Log Size let you specify the max size log files should reach
 
 # logs split per machine
 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
 # max 50KB per log file, then rotate
 max log size = 50
 
# ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------
#
# Scurity can be set to user, share(deprecated) or server(deprecated)
#
# Backend to store user information in. New installations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.

# security = user
 security = share
 passdb backend = tdbsam

# ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------
#
# Security must be set to domain or ads
#
# Use the realm option only with security = ads
# Specifies the Active Directory realm the host is part of
#
# Backend to store user information in. New installations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
#
# Use password server option only with security = server or if you can't
# use the DNS to locate Domain Controllers
# The argument list may include:
#   password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
# or to auto-locate the domain controller/s
#   password server = *
 
 
; security = domain
; passdb backend = tdbsam
; realm = MY_REALM

; password server = <NT-Server-Name>

# ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------
#
# Security must be set to user for domain controllers
#
# Backend to store user information in. New installations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
#
# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
#
# Domain Logons let Samba be a domain logon server for Windows workstations.
#
# Logon Scrpit let yuou specify a script to be run at login time on the client
# You need to provide it in a share called NETLOGON
#
# Logon Path let you specify where user profiles are stored (UNC path)
#
# Various scripts can be used on a domain controller or stand-alone
# machine to add or delete corresponding unix accounts
#
; security = user
; passdb backend = tdbsam
 
; domain master = yes
; domain logons = yes
 
 # the login script name depends on the machine name
; logon script = %m.bat
 # the login script name depends on the unix user used
; logon script = %u.bat
; logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%u
 # disables profiles support by specifing an empty path
; logon path =         
 
; add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" -n -g users
; add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g"
; add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -n -c "Workstation (%u)" -M -d /nohome -s /bin/false "%u"
; delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u"
; delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g"
; delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g"
 
 
# ----------------------- Browser Control Options ----------------------------
#
# set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
#
# OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable
#
# Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
; local master = no
; os level = 33
; preferred master = yes
 
#----------------------------- Name Resolution -------------------------------
# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
#
# - WINS Support: Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
#
# - WINS Server: Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
#
# - WINS Proxy: Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
#   behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
#   at least one WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
#
# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
# via DNS nslookups.
 
; wins support = yes
; wins server = w.x.y.z
; wins proxy = yes
 
; dns proxy = yes
 
# --------------------------- Printing Options -----------------------------
#
# Load Printers let you load automatically the list of printers rather
# than setting them up individually
#
# Cups Options let you pass the cups libs custom options, setting it to raw
# for example will let you use drivers on your Windows clients
#
# Printcap Name let you specify an alternative printcap file
#
# You can choose a non default printing system using the Printing option
 
 load printers = yes
 cups options = raw

; printcap name = /etc/printcap
 #obtain list of printers automatically on SystemV
; printcap name = lpstat
; printing = cups

# --------------------------- Filesystem Options ---------------------------
#
# The following options can be uncommented if the filesystem supports
# Extended Attributes and they are enabled (usually by the mount option
# user_xattr). Thess options will let the admin store the DOS attributes
# in an EA and make samba not mess with the permission bits.
#
# Note: these options can also be set just per share, setting them in global
# makes them the default for all shares

; map archive = no
; map hidden = no
; map read only = no
; map system = no
; store dos attributes = yes

#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
 
[homes]
 comment = Home Directories
 browseable = no
 writable = yes
; valid users = %S
; valid users = MYDOMAIN\%S
 
[printers]
 comment = All Printers
 path = /var/spool/samba
 browseable = no
 guest ok = no
 writable = no
 printable = yes
 
# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
; [netlogon]
; comment = Network Logon Service
; path = /var/lib/samba/netlogon
; guest ok = yes
; writable = no
; share modes = no
 
 
# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's home directory
; [Profiles]
; path = /var/lib/samba/profiles
; browseable = no
; guest ok = yes
 
 
# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
# the "staff" group
; [public]
; comment = Public Stuff
; path = /home/samba
; public = yes
; writable = yes
; printable = no
; write list = +staff

[sharename]
comment = Insert a comment here 錛坱est錛?path = /home/share/
valid users = chenxin
public = no
writable = yes
printable = no
create mask = 0765

[anonymity]
comment = Anonymity
path = /home/anonymity
public = yes
writable = yes
printable = no
create mask = 0765