Selenium RC For Python：教程2

為了全面測試一個Web系統，我們需要與系統UI相互動並做出相應的斷言。

最常用的互動是通過selenium.py中以下方法來實現的：

1. open(url): Opens an URL in the test frame. This accepts both relative and absolute URLs. 
2. click(locator): Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the click action causes a new page to load (like a link usually does), call    waitForPageToLoad.
3. type(locator, value):  Sets the value of an input field, as though you typed it in. Can also be used to set the value of combo boxes, check boxes, etc. In these cases, value should be the value of the option selected, not the visible text.
4. select(selectLocator,optionLocator): Select an option from a drop-down using an option locator.
5. check(locator): Check a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)
6. wait_for_page_to_load(timeout): Waits for a new page to load.

下面是一些從頁面中擷取資訊的方法：

1. get_title(): Gets the title of the current page.
2. get_text(locator): Gets the text of an element. This works for any element that contains text. This command uses either the textContent (Mozilla-like browsers) or the innerText (IE-like browsers) of the element, which is the rendered text shown to the user.
3. get_value(locator): Gets the (whitespace-trimmed) value of an input field (or anything else with a value parameter). For checkbox/radio elements, the value will be "on" or "off" depending on whether the element is checked or not.
4. is_editable(locator): Determines whether the specified input element is editable, ie hasn't been disabled. This method will fail if the specified element isn't an input element.
5. is_element_present(locator):  Verifies that the specified element is somewhere on the page.
6. get_selected_label(selectLocator): Gets option label (visible text) for selected option in the specified select element.
7. get_selected_value(selectLocator): Gets option value (value attribute) for selected option in the specified select element.
8. is_something_selected(selectLocator): Determines whether some option in a drop-down menu is selected.
9. is_checked(locator): Gets whether a toggle-button (checkbox/radio) is checked.  Fails if the specified element doesn't exist or isn't a toggle-button.
10. get_alert(): Retrieves the message of a JavaScript alert generated during the previous action, or fail if there were no alerts.Getting an alert has the same effect as manually clicking OK. If an alert is generated but you do not consume it with getAlert, the next Selenium action       will fail. Under Selenium, JavaScript alerts will NOT pop up a visible alert dialog.

如上一篇文章所寫，大部分的測試類別的結構是類似的：

• from..import... or import..
• class的定義
• 常用變數的定義，引用這些變數要用self.常量的方式
• setUp()和tearDown的定義
• 測試方法的定義，這是測試的主要內容
• 使用unittest的main方法運行測試

代碼例子如下：

代碼#! /usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
from selenium import selenium
import unittest

class TestPageForSeleniumRemoteControl(unittest.TestCase):
    MAX_WAIT_IN_MS = 60000
    BASE_URL = "http://www.bitmotif.com"
    TEST_PAGE_URL = BASE_URL + "/test-page-for-selenium-remote-control"
    TEST_PAGE_TITLE = u"Test Page For Selenium Remote Control « Bit Motif"
    
    def setUp(self):
        self.verificationErrors = []
        self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 4444, "*firefox3 E:/Program Files/Mozilla Firefox/firefox.exe", self.BASE_URL)
        self.selenium.start()
        
    def tearDown(self):
        self.selenium.stop()
        
    def test_function(self):
        passs
      
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()