一步一步學Silverlight 2系列(12):資料與通訊之WebClient

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概述

Silverlight 2 Beta 1版本發布了,無論從Runtime還是Tools都給我們帶來了很多的驚喜,如支援架構語言Visual Basic, Visual C#, IronRuby, Ironpython,對JSON、Web Service、WCF以及Sockets的支援等一系列新的特性。《一步一步學Silverlight 2系列》文章帶您快速進入Silverlight 2開發。

本文將介紹如何在Silverlight 2中使用Web Client進行通訊。

簡單樣本

編寫一個簡單的樣本,在該樣本中,選擇一本書籍之後,我們通過Web Client去查詢書籍的價格,並顯示出來,最終的效果如下:

編寫介面布局,XAML如下:

<Grid Background="#46461F">    <Grid.RowDefinitions>        <RowDefinition Height="40"></RowDefinition>        <RowDefinition Height="*"></RowDefinition>        <RowDefinition Height="40"></RowDefinition>    </Grid.RowDefinitions>    <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>        <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>    </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>    <Border Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" CornerRadius="15"            Width="240" Height="36"            Margin="20 0 0 0" HorizontalAlignment="Left">        <TextBlock Text="書籍列表" Foreground="White"                   HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Center"                   Margin="20 0 0 0"></TextBlock>    </Border>    <ListBox x:Name="Books" Grid.Row="1" Margin="40 10 10 10"             SelectionChanged="Books_SelectionChanged">        <ListBox.ItemTemplate>            <DataTemplate>                <StackPanel>                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" Height="32"></TextBlock>                </StackPanel>            </DataTemplate>        </ListBox.ItemTemplate>    </ListBox>    <Border Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" CornerRadius="15"            Width="240" Height="36" Background="Orange"            Margin="20 0 0 0" HorizontalAlignment="Left">        <TextBlock x:Name="lblPrice" Text="價格:" Foreground="White"                   HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Center"                   Margin="20 0 0 0"></TextBlock>    </Border></Grid>

為了類比查詢價格,我們編寫一個HttpHandler,接收書籍的No,並返回價格:

public class BookHandler : IHttpHandler{    public static readonly string[] PriceList = new string[] {         "66.00",        "78.30",        "56.50",        "28.80",        "77.00"    };    public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)    {        context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain";        context.Response.Write(PriceList[Int32.Parse(context.Request.QueryString["No"])]);    }    public bool IsReusable    {        get        {            return false;        }    }}

在介面載入時綁定書籍列表,關於資料繫結可以參考一步一步學Silverlight 2系列(11):資料繫結。

void UserControl_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){    List<Book> books = new List<Book>() {         new Book("Professional ASP.NET 3.5"),        new Book("ASP.NET AJAX In Action"),        new Book("Silverlight In Action"),        new Book("ASP.NET 3.5 Unleashed"),        new Book("Introducing Microsoft ASP.NET AJAX")    };    Books.ItemsSource = books;    }

接下來當使用者選擇一本書籍時,需要通過Web Client去擷取書籍的價格,在Silverlight 2中,所有的網路通訊API都設計為了非同步模式。在聲明一個Web Client執行個體後,我們需要為它註冊DownloadStringCompleted事件處理方法,在下載完成後將會被回調,然後再調用DownloadStringAsync方法開始下載。

void Books_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e){    Uri endpoint = new Uri(String.Format("http://localhost:49955/BookHandler.ashx?No={0}",Books.SelectedIndex));    WebClient client = new WebClient();    client.DownloadStringCompleted += new DownloadStringCompletedEventHandler(client_DownloadStringCompleted);        client.DownloadStringAsync(endpoint);}void client_DownloadStringCompleted(object sender, DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs e){    if (e.Error == null)    {        lblPrice.Text = "價格:" + e.Result;    }    else    {        lblPrice.Text = e.Error.Message;    }}

注意大家可以在Web Application Project的屬性頁面中,把ASP.NET Development Server的連接埠號碼設定為一個固定的連接埠號碼:

最後完整的代碼如下:

public partial class Page : UserControl{    public Page()    {        InitializeComponent();    }    void UserControl_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)    {        List<Book> books = new List<Book>() {             new Book("Professional ASP.NET 3.5"),            new Book("ASP.NET AJAX In Action"),            new Book("Silverlight In Action"),            new Book("ASP.NET 3.5 Unleashed"),            new Book("Introducing Microsoft ASP.NET AJAX")        };        Books.ItemsSource = books;            }    void Books_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)    {        Uri endpoint = new Uri(String.Format("http://localhost:49955/BookHandler.ashx?No={0}",Books.SelectedIndex));        WebClient client = new WebClient();        client.DownloadStringCompleted += new DownloadStringCompletedEventHandler(client_DownloadStringCompleted);                client.DownloadStringAsync(endpoint);    }    void client_DownloadStringCompleted(object sender, DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs e)    {        if (e.Error == null)        {            lblPrice.Text = "價格:" + e.Result;        }        else        {            lblPrice.Text = e.Error.Message;        }    }}

運行後效果如下:

當我們選擇其中一本書籍時,將會顯示出它的價格:

結束語

本文簡單介紹了Silverlight 2中使用Web Client進行通訊的知識,在Silverlight 2中,提供的通訊API非常豐富,後面將會介紹其他的方式。你可以從這裡下載本文範例程式碼。

下一篇:一步一步學Silverlight 2系列(13):資料與通訊之WebRequest

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