概述
我們知道,在Silverlight 2中提供了豐富的網路通訊API,包括支援SOAP服務、REST服務、基於HTTP通訊、Socket通訊等。本文我將通過幾個樣本來示範如何在Silverlight 2中應用Web Service實現檔案上傳和電子郵件發送。
使用Web Service上傳檔案
我將通過一個樣本來展示如何使用Web Service向伺服器上傳檔案,首先建立Silverlight項目,並在Web測試專案中添加一個ASP.NET Web Service檔案。現在來實現相關的WebMethod,在此方法中,將會接收兩個參數:位元組數組和副檔名,並會在伺服器上建立檔案,如下代碼所示:
public class FileService : WebService{ [WebMethod] public int UploadFile(byte[] FileByte, String FileExtention) { FileStream stream = new FileStream(String.Format(@"D:\example.{0}", FileExtention),FileMode.CreateNew); stream.Write(FileByte, 0, FileByte.Length); stream.Close(); return FileByte.Length; }}
添加一個簡單的介面,供使用者選擇本地檔案,我們將在按鈕單擊單擊事件中調用Web Service,如下代碼所示:
<Canvas Background="#FF333333"> <TextBox x:Name="txtFile" Height="30" Width="300" Canvas.Top="120" Canvas.Left="30" Style="{StaticResource textBoxStyle}"></TextBox> <Button x:Name="btnUpload" Width="60" Content="上 傳" Height="30" Canvas.Left="340" Canvas.Top="120" Style="{StaticResource buttonStyle}" Click="OnUploadClick"></Button> <TextBlock x:Name="tblStatus" Canvas.Left="30" Canvas.Top="160" FontSize="14" Foreground="White" Text=""></TextBlock></Canvas>
調用Web Service上傳檔案,此處使用了OpenFileDialog對象彈出擇視窗以便選擇檔案,此對象將選擇的檔案作為Stream返回,我們把Stream轉換為一個位元組資料傳遞給Web Service,如下代碼所示:
void OnUploadClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){ OpenFileDialog openFile = new OpenFileDialog(); if (openFile.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { String fileName = openFile.SelectedFile.Name; FileServiceSoapClient client = new FileServiceSoapClient(); client.UploadFileCompleted += new EventHandler<UploadFileCompletedEventArgs>(OnUploadFileCompleted); Stream stream = (Stream)openFile.SelectedFile.OpenRead(); stream.Position = 0; byte[] buffer = new byte[stream.Length + 1]; stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); String fileExtention = fileName.Substring(fileName.IndexOf('.') + 1); client.UploadFileAsync(buffer, fileExtention); } }void OnUploadFileCompleted(object sender, UploadFileCompletedEventArgs e){ if (e.Error == null) { tblStatus.Text = "上傳檔案成功!"; }}
運行程式後,選擇一個檔案並上傳,如所示:
至此,我們就完成了一個使用Web Service上傳檔案的樣本。
使用Web Service寄送電子郵件
眾所周知,寄送電子郵件需要使用SMTP協議,Silverlight中並不支援SMTP通訊,但是我們可以藉助於Web Service來寄送電子郵件。本節將通過一個樣本講解這一內容,最終完成的效果如所示:
我們首先添加一個ASP.NET Web Service,並實現WebMethod,此方法將接受四個參數:寄件者、收件者、郵件主題以及郵件內容,並使用SmtpClient對象發送郵件,關於SmtpClient的使用,大家可以參考MSDN,它位於System.Net.Mail命名空間下。如下代碼所示:
public class EmailService : WebService{ [WebMethod] public bool Send(String fromAddress,String toAddress,String subject,String body) { try { MailMessage msg = new MailMessage(); msg.From = new MailAddress(fromAddress); msg.To.Add(new MailAddress(toAddress)); msg.Subject = subject; msg.Body = body; msg.IsBodyHtml = false; SmtpClient smtp = new SmtpClient(); smtp.EnableSsl = true; smtp.Send(msg); return true; } catch { return false; } }}
使用SmtpClient需要在Web.config檔案中配置一下郵件伺服器,這裡使用Google的伺服器,大家可以使用自己的Gmail帳號,如下代碼所示:
<system.net> <mailSettings> <smtp> <network host="smtp.gmail.com" port="587" userName="terrylee1218@gmail.com" password="password"/> </smtp> </mailSettings></system.net>
在瀏覽器中測試Web Service,確保它可以正確的發送郵件。編寫一個簡單使用者介面,如下代碼所示:
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="#333333"> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="70"></RowDefinition> <RowDefinition Height="50"></RowDefinition> <RowDefinition Height="50"></RowDefinition> <RowDefinition Height="200"></RowDefinition> <RowDefinition Height="50"></RowDefinition> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="100"></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <local:TitleControl Grid.Row="0" Margin="8,8,8,8" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"></local:TitleControl> <TextBlock Text="收件者" Grid.Row="1" Style="{StaticResource textBlockStyle}"></TextBlock> <TextBlock Text="主 題" Grid.Row="2" Style="{StaticResource textBlockStyle}"></TextBlock> <TextBox x:Name="txtToEmailAddress" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Width="440" Height="30" HorizontalAlignment="Left"></TextBox> <TextBox x:Name="txtSubject" Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" Width="440" Height="30" HorizontalAlignment="Left"></TextBox> <TextBox x:Name="txtBody" Grid.Row="3" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Width="500" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="200" Margin="100 0 0 0"></TextBox> <Button x:Name="btnSend" Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Content="發 送" Style="{StaticResource buttonStyle}" Width="120" Height="30" Click="OnSendClick"></Button> </Grid>
在Silverlight項目中添加Web Service引用,並編寫代碼來調用Web Service,相信大家都已經熟悉了該如何調用,如下代碼所示:
void OnSendClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){ // 發送郵件地址 String fromAddress = "terrylee1218@gmail.com"; EmailServiceSoapClient client = new EmailServiceSoapClient(); client.SendCompleted += new EventHandler<SendCompletedEventArgs>(OnSendCompleted); client.SendAsync(fromAddress, this.txtToEmailAddress.Text, this.txtSubject.Text, this.txtBody.Text);}void OnSendCompleted(object sender, SendCompletedEventArgs e){ if (e.Result) { HtmlPage.Window.Alert("發送郵件成功!"); } else { HtmlPage.Window.Alert("發送郵件成功!"); }}
運行後輸入相關資訊,並發送郵件,如所示:
至此我們就完成一個在Silverlight中寄送電子郵件的樣本,大家如果有興趣,還可以為其加上更加豐富的功能,如添加抄送人、密送人以及附件等。
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