淺談SpringCloud實現簡單的微服務架構，淺談springcloud

淺談SpringCloud實現簡單的微服務架構，淺談springcloud

Spring Cloud是一系列架構的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的開發便利性巧妙地簡化了分布式系統基礎設施的開發，如服務發現註冊、配置中心、訊息匯流排、負載平衡、斷路器、資料監控等，都可以用Spring Boot的開發風格做到一鍵啟動和部署。Spring並沒有重複製造輪子，它只是將目前各家公司開發的比較成熟、經得起實際考驗的服務架構組合起來，通過Spring Boot風格進行再封裝屏蔽掉了複雜的配置和實現原理，最終給開發人員留出了一套簡單易懂、易部署和易維護的分布式系統開發套件。

接下來我們就使用SpringCloud實現一套簡單的微服務架構。

以下所有代碼都已開源到github上了，地址：https://github.com/lynnlovemin/softservice

Eureka(服務註冊與發現)

首先引入相關的依賴包

<parent>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>    <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->  </parent>  <properties>    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>    <java.version>1.8</java.version>  </properties>  <dependencies>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>  </dependencies>  <dependencyManagement>    <dependencies>      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>        <version>Dalston.RC1</version>        <type>pom</type>        <scope>import</scope>      </dependency>    </dependencies>  </dependencyManagement>  <build>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>      </plugin>    </plugins>  </build>  <repositories>    <repository>      <id>spring-milestones</id>      <name>Spring Milestones</name>      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>      <snapshots>        <enabled>false</enabled>      </snapshots>    </repository>  </repositories>

配置application.yml

server: port: 8761eureka: instance:  hostname: localhost client:  registerWithEureka: false  fetchRegistry: false  serviceUrl:   defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

建立啟動類Application

@EnableEurekaServer@SpringBootApplicationpublic class Application {  public static void main(String[] args) {    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);  }}

運行main方法，瀏覽器訪問：http://localhost:8761，我們就能在瀏覽器看到如下介面：

說明eureka啟動成功。

接下來，我們實現負債均衡、斷路器、網關、用戶端，所有的服務都應該註冊到eureka中，並且訪問eureka就能看到所有註冊的服務

client(用戶端)

pom.xml

<parent>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>    <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->  </parent>  <properties>    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>    <java.version>1.8</java.version>  </properties>  <dependencies>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>  </dependencies>  <dependencyManagement>    <dependencies>      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>        <version>Dalston.RC1</version>        <type>pom</type>        <scope>import</scope>      </dependency>    </dependencies>  </dependencyManagement>  <build>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>      </plugin>    </plugins>  </build>  <repositories>    <repository>      <id>spring-milestones</id>      <name>Spring Milestones</name>      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>      <snapshots>        <enabled>false</enabled>      </snapshots>    </repository>  </repositories>

application.yml

eureka: client:  serviceUrl:   defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #這裡註冊到eureka中server: port: 8763spring: application:  name: service-hi

Application類

@SpringBootApplication@EnableEurekaClient@RestControllerpublic class Application {  public static void main(String[] args) {    SpringApplication.run(Applicatioin.class, args);  }  @Value("${server.port}")  String port;  //這裡我們提供一個介面  @RequestMapping("/hi")  public String home(@RequestParam String name) {    return "hi "+name+",i am from port:" +port;  }}

Feign(負債均衡、斷路器)

pom.xml

<parent>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>    <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->  </parent>  <properties>    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>    <java.version>1.8</java.version>  </properties>  <dependencies>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>  </dependencies>  <dependencyManagement>    <dependencies>      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>        <version>Dalston.RC1</version>        <type>pom</type>        <scope>import</scope>      </dependency>    </dependencies>  </dependencyManagement>  <build>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>      </plugin>    </plugins>  </build>  <repositories>    <repository>      <id>spring-milestones</id>      <name>Spring Milestones</name>      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>      <snapshots>        <enabled>false</enabled>      </snapshots>    </repository>  </repositories>

application.yml

eureka: client:  serviceUrl:   defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/server: port: 8765spring: application:  name: service-feignfeign: hystrix:  enabled: true

Application類

@SpringBootApplication@EnableDiscoveryClient@EnableFeignClients@EnableHystrixDashboardpublic class Application {  public static void main(String[] args) {    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);  }}

然後再提供一個service，他的作用就是做負債均衡和斷路器功能

@FeignClient(value = "service-hi",fallback = SchedualServiceHiHystric.class)public interface SchedualServiceHi {  @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)  String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);}

@Componentpublic class SchedualServiceHiHystric implements SchedualServiceHi {  @Override  public String sayHiFromClientOne(String name) {    return "sorry "+name;  }}

FeignClient我們指定之前建立client時指定的name:service-hi,fallback指定服務不可用時的返回資料，這樣我們啟動多個client時就可以看到http請求時會交替訪問不同的feign連接埠，當停掉clien時再提供者會返回錯誤資訊。

zuul(服務網關)

在一般情況下，我們不會直接暴露用戶端給外部，而是通過服務網關來轉寄，內部服務都是在區域網路內通訊，外部存取不了，通過服務網關，我們還可以統一做介面的安全性校正，統一攔截，請看代碼：

pom.xml

<parent>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>    <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->  </parent>  <properties>    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>    <java.version>1.8</java.version>  </properties>  <dependencies>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>  </dependencies>  <dependencyManagement>    <dependencies>      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>        <version>Dalston.RC1</version>        <type>pom</type>        <scope>import</scope>      </dependency>    </dependencies>  </dependencyManagement>  <build>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>      </plugin>    </plugins>  </build>  <repositories>    <repository>      <id>spring-milestones</id>      <name>Spring Milestones</name>      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>      <snapshots>        <enabled>false</enabled>      </snapshots>    </repository>

application.yml

eureka: client:  serviceUrl:   defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/server: port: 8080spring: application:  name: service-zuulzuul: routes:  api-b:   path: /api/**   serviceId: service-feign #凡是以api開始的請求都訪問service-feign服務

Application類

@EnableZuulProxy@EnableEurekaClient@SpringBootApplicationpublic class Application {  public static void main(String[] args) {    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);  }}

啟動Application，訪問：http://localhost:8080/api/hi，就能訪問到之前我們定義的介面，接下來我們做介面的攔截：

/** * filterType：返回一個字串代表過濾器的類型，在zuul中定義了四種不同生命週期的過濾器類型，具體如下： pre：路由之前 routing：路由之時 post： 路由之後 error：發送錯誤調用 filterOrder：過濾的順序 shouldFilter：這裡可以寫邏輯判斷，是否要過濾，本文true,永遠過濾。 run：過濾器的具體邏輯。可用很複雜，包括查sql，nosql去判斷該請求到底有沒有許可權訪問。 */@Componentpublic class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter{  private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class);  @Override  public String filterType() {    return "pre";  }  @Override  public int filterOrder() {    return 0;  }  @Override  public boolean shouldFilter() {    return true;  }  @Override  public Object run() {    RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();    HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();    log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));    Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");    if(accessToken == null) {      log.warn("token is empty");      ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);      ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);      try {        ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");      }catch (Exception e){}      return null;    }    log.info("ok");    return null;  }}

這樣我們在調用介面前會先執行MyFilter類中的run方法，在這個方法裡可以做一系列安全驗證，比如token。

好了，一個簡單的微服務架構就已經搭建完成了。

以上所有代碼都已開源到github上了，地址：https://github.com/lynnlovemin/softservice

以上所述是小編給大家介紹的SpringCloud實現簡單的微服務架構，希望對大家有所協助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回複