第四單元作業

標籤：命令的輸入輸出   vim的複製和字元替換   

登陸student使用者

[[email protected] Desktop]$ find /etc -name passwd        ####在/etc目錄下按照檔案名稱passwd尋找檔案####
find:‘/etc/pki/CA/private‘: Permission denied        ####報錯：沒有進入權力####
find:‘/etc/pki/tsyslog‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audit‘: Permission denied
/etc/passwd        ####正確輸出####
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/grub.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active‘: Permission denied
/etc/pam.d/passwd
find:‘/etc/lvm/archive‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lvm/backup‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lcm/cache‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/dhcp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/firewalld‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audisp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/sudoers.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/ipsec.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/libvirt‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/cups/ssl‘: Permission denied
[[email protected] Desktop]$ find /etc -name passwd 2> /dev/null        ####在/etc目錄下按照檔案名稱passwd尋找檔案，並將錯誤的輸出扔進垃圾箱即/dev/nulll檔案####
/etc/passwd        ####屏蔽掉錯誤輸出後，bash中只顯示正確輸出####
/etc/pam.d/passwd
[[email protected] Desktop]$ find /etc -name passwd > /mnt/find.out        ####在/etc目錄下按照檔案名稱passwd尋找檔案，並將正確的輸出到/mnt/find.out檔案中####
bash: /mnt/find.out: Permission denied        ####報錯：沒有進入權力####
[[email protected] Desktop]$ ls -ld /mnt/        ####列出/mnt/目錄本身的屬性####
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Mar 13 2014 /mnt/        ####/mnt/目錄對所有使用者可以進入目錄並查看其檔案資訊同時還能添加或刪除檔案，對所有組和其他人只可以進入並查看目錄####
[[email protected] Desktop]$ su - root        ####切換到超級使用者root####
Password:        ####輸入密碼（密碼無回顯）####
[[email protected] Desktop]# chmod o+w /mnt/        ####添加/mnt/目錄對其他使用者可以添加或刪除檔案的許可權####
[[email protected]host Desktop]# ls -ld /mnt/        
drwxr-xrwx. 2 root root 6 Mar 13 2014 /mnt/        ####修改後的屬性####
[[email protected] Desktop]# logout        ####退出使用者登陸####
[[email protected] Desktop]$ find /etc -name passwd > /mnt/find.out        ####在/etc目錄下按照檔案名稱passwd尋找檔案，並將正確的輸出到/mnt/find.out中####
find:‘/etc/pki/CA/private‘: Permission denied        ####正確的輸出到檔案，bash顯示剩下的錯誤的####
find:‘/etc/pki/tsyslog‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audit‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/grub.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lvm/archive‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lvm/backup‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lcm/cache‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/dhcp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/firewalld‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audisp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/sudoers.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/ipsec.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/libvirt‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/cups/ssl‘: Permission denied
[[email protected] Desktop]$ find /etc -name passwd 2> /mnt/find.err        ####在/etc目錄下按照檔案名稱passwd檔案，並將錯誤的輸出到/mnt/find.err####
/etc/passwd        ####錯誤的輸出到檔案，bash顯示剩下的正確的####
/etc/pam.d/passwd
[[email protected] Desktop]$ find /etc -name passwd &> /mnt/find.all        ####在/etc目錄下按照檔案名稱passwd檔案，並全部輸出到/mnt/find.all####
[[email protected] Desktop]$ cat /mnt/find.all        ####查看/mnt/find.all檔案內容####
find:‘/etc/pki/CA/private‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/pki/tsyslog‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audit‘: Permission denied
/etc/passwd
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/grub.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active‘: Permission denied
/etc/pam.d/passwd
find:‘/etc/lvm/archive‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lvm/backup‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lcm/cache‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/dhcp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/firewalld‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audisp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/sudoers.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/ipsec.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/libvirt‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/cups/ssl‘: Permission denied
[[email protected] Desktop]$ find /etc -name passwd &>> /mnt/find.all        ####在/etc/目錄下按照檔案名稱passwd尋找檔案並全部追加到/mnt/find.all中####
[[email protected] Desktop]$ cat /mnt/find.all
find:‘/etc/pki/CA/private‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/pki/tsyslog‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audit‘: Permission denied
/etc/passwd
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/grub.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active‘: Permission denied
/etc/pam.d/passwd
find:‘/etc/lvm/archive‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lvm/backup‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lcm/cache‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/dhcp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/firewalld‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audisp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/sudoers.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/ipsec.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/libvirt‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/cups/ssl‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/pki/CA/private‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/pki/tsyslog‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audit‘: Permission denied
/etc/passwd
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/grub.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active‘: Permission denied
/etc/pam.d/passwd
find:‘/etc/lvm/archive‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lvm/backup‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lcm/cache‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/dhcp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/firewalld‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audisp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/sudoers.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/ipsec.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/libvirt‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/cups/ssl‘: Permission denied
[[email protected] Desktop]$ find /etc -name passwd &> /dev/null        ####在/etc目錄中按照檔案名稱passwd尋找檔案，並將全部輸出到垃圾箱####
[[email protected] Desktop]$ find /etc -name passwd 2>&1 | tee file        ####在/etc目錄中按照檔案名稱passwd尋找檔案，並將錯誤輸出的編號變成正確輸出的編號，通過管道符將之前的輸出複製到案頭的file檔案中####
find:‘/etc/pki/CA/private‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/pki/tsyslog‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audit‘: Permission denied
/etc/passwd
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/grub.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active‘: Permission denied
/etc/pam.d/passwd
find:‘/etc/lvm/archive‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lvm/backup‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lcm/cache‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/dhcp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/firewalld‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audisp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/sudoers.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/ipsec.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/libvirt‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/cups/ssl‘: Permission denied
[[email protected] Desktop]$ cat file
find:‘/etc/pki/CA/private‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/pki/tsyslog‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audit‘: Permission denied
/etc/passwd
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/grub.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active‘: Permission denied
/etc/pam.d/passwd
find:‘/etc/lvm/archive‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lvm/backup‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/lcm/cache‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/dhcp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/firewalld‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/audisp‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/sudoers.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/ipsec.d‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/libvirt‘: Permission denied
find:‘/etc/cups/ssl‘: Permission denied
[[email protected] Desktop]$ find /etc -name passwd 2> /dev/null |tee /mnt/find.out.1        ####在/etc/目錄下按照檔案名稱passwd尋找檔案，將錯誤的輸出到垃圾箱，通過管道符將（正確的）輸出複製到/mnt/find.out.1####
/etc/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
[[email protected] Desktop]$ cat /mnt/find.out.1
/etc/passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd



登陸超級使用者root

[[email protected] Desktop]# grep ich /usr/share/mime/packages/freedesktop.org.xml |tee /root/lines        ####複製/usr/share/mime/packages/freedesktop.org.xml檔案中ich所在行，並複製到/root/lines檔案中####
[[email protected] Desktop]# vim /root/lines        ####用vim開啟/root/lines檔案####
在vim的命令模式下輸入：%s/\ //g        ####換掉檔案中的空格####

第四單元作業