標籤:通過 ges roc package console 需要 定時 工作 static
Java通過Executors提供四種線程池,分別為:
newCachedThreadPool建立一個可緩衝線程池,如果線程池長度超過處理需要,可靈活回收空閑線程,若無可回收,則建立線程。
newFixedThreadPool 建立一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大並發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 建立一個定長線程池,支援定時及週期性任務執行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 建立一個單線程化的線程池,它只會用唯一的背景工作執行緒來執行任務,保證所有任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先順序)執行。
(1) newCachedThreadPool
建立一個可緩衝線程池,如果線程池長度超過處理需要,可靈活回收空閑線程,若無可回收,則建立線程。範例程式碼如下:
Java代碼
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- try {
- Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- System.out.println(index);
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
線程池為無限大,當執行第二個任務時第一個任務已經完成,會複用執行第一個任務的線程,而不用每次建立線程。
(2) newFixedThreadPool
建立一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大並發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。範例程式碼如下:
Java代碼
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- System.out.println(index);
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
因為線程池大小為3,每個任務輸出index後sleep 2秒,所以每兩秒列印3個數字。
定長線程池的大小最好根據系統資源進行設定。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
(3) newScheduledThreadPool
建立一個定長線程池,支援定時及週期性任務執行。順延強制範例程式碼如下:
Java代碼
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
- scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
- }
- }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- }
- }
表示延遲3秒執行。
定期執行範例程式碼如下:
Java代碼
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
- scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
- }
- }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- }
- }
表示延遲1秒後每3秒執行一次。
(4) newSingleThreadExecutor
建立一個單線程化的線程池,它只會用唯一的背景工作執行緒來執行任務,保證所有任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先順序)執行。範例程式碼如下:
Java代碼
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- System.out.println(index);
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
結果依次輸出,相當於順序執行各個任務。
你可以使用JDK內建的監控工具來監控我們建立的線程數量,運行一個不終止的線程,建立指定量的線程,來觀察:
工具目錄:C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_06\bin\jconsole.exe
運行程式做稍微修改:
Java代碼
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- while(true) {
- System.out.println(index);
- Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
- }
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- try {
- Thread.sleep(500);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
效果如下:
選擇我們啟動並執行程式:
監控運行狀態
Java四種線程池的使用