使用JWT做RESTful API的身分識別驗證-Go語言實現
在 使用Golang和MongoDB構建 RESTful API已經實現了一個簡單的 RESTful API應用,但是對於有些API介面需要授權之後才能訪問,在這篇文章中就用 jwt
做一個基於Token的身分識別驗證,關於 jwt
請訪問 JWT有詳細的說明,而且有各個語言實現的庫,請根據需要使用對應的版本。
image
需要先安裝 jwt-go
介面 go get github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go
新增註冊登入介面,並在登入時產生token
- 自訂返回結果,並封裝
helper/utils.go
type Response struct { Code int `json:"code"` Msg string `json:"msg"` Data interface{} `json:"data"`}func ResponseWithJson(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, payload interface{}) { response, _ := json.Marshal(payload) w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json") w.WriteHeader(code) w.Write(response)}
type User struct { UserName string `bson:"username" json:"username"` Password string `bson:"password" json:"password"`}type JwtToken struct { Token string `json:"token"`}
func Register(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { var user models.User err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user) if err != nil || user.UserName == "" || user.Password == "" { helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusBadRequest, helper.Response{Code: http.StatusBadRequest, Msg: "bad params"}) return } err = models.Insert(db, collection, user) if err != nil { helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, helper.Response{Code: http.StatusInternalServerError, Msg: "internal error"}) }}func Login(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { var user models.User err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user) if err != nil { helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusBadRequest, helper.Response{Code: http.StatusBadRequest, Msg: "bad params"}) } exist := models.IsExist(db, collection, bson.M{"username": user.UserName}) if exist { token, _ := auth.GenerateToken(&user) helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusOK, helper.Response{Code: http.StatusOK, Data: models.JwtToken{Token: token}}) } else { helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusNotFound, helper.Response{Code: http.StatusNotFound, Msg: "the user not exist"}) }}
- 產生Token
auth/middleware.go
func GenerateToken(user *models.User) (string, error) { token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodHS256, jwt.MapClaims{ "username": user.UserName, //"exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour * 2).Unix(),// 可以添加到期時間 }) return token.SignedString([]byte("secret"))//對應的字串請自行產生,最後足夠使用加密後的字串}
http中介軟體
go http的中介軟體實現起來很簡單,只需要實現一個函數簽名為func(http.Handler) http.Handler的函數即可。
func middlewareHandler(next http.Handler) http.Handler{ return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request){ // 執行handler之前的邏輯 next.ServeHTTP(w, r) // 執行完畢handler後的邏輯 })}
我們使用的 mux 作為路由,本身支援在路由中添加中介軟體,改造一下之前的路由邏輯
routes/routes.go
type Route struct { Method string Pattern string Handler http.HandlerFunc Middleware mux.MiddlewareFunc //添加中介軟體}func NewRouter() *mux.Router { router := mux.NewRouter() for _, route := range routes { r := router.Methods(route.Method). Path(route.Pattern) //如果這個路由有中介軟體的邏輯,需要通過中介軟體先處理一下 if route.Middleware != nil { r.Handler(route.Middleware(route.Handler)) } else { r.Handler(route.Handler) } } return router}
實現身分識別驗證的中介軟體
auth/middleware.go
驗證的資訊放在http Header
中
func TokenMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler { return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { tokenStr := r.Header.Get("authorization") if tokenStr == "" { helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, helper.Response{Code: http.StatusUnauthorized, Msg: "not authorized"}) } else { token, _ := jwt.Parse(tokenStr, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) { if _, ok := token.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodHMAC); !ok { helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, helper.Response{Code: http.StatusUnauthorized, Msg: "not authorized"}) return nil, fmt.Errorf("not authorization") } return []byte("secret"), nil }) if !token.Valid { helper.ResponseWithJson(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, helper.Response{Code: http.StatusUnauthorized, Msg: "not authorized"}) } else { next.ServeHTTP(w, r) } } })}
對需要驗證的路由添加中介軟體
register("GET", "/movies", controllers.AllMovies, auth.TokenMiddleware) //需要中介軟體邏輯register("GET", "/movies/{id}", controllers.FindMovie, nil)//不需要中介軟體
驗證
//請求 post http://127.0.0.1:8080/login//返回{ "code": 200, "msg": "", "data": { "token": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ImNvZGVybWluZXIifQ.pFzJLU8vnzWiweFKzHRsawyWA2jfuDIPlDU4zE92O7c" }}
//請求 post http://127.0.0.1:8080/movies在 Header中設定 "authorization":token如果沒有設定header會報 401 錯誤{ "code": 401, "msg": "not authorized", "data": null}
源碼 Github