UVA679 Dropping Balls【二叉樹結點編號】

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  Dropping Balls A number of K balls are dropped one by one from the root of a fully binary tree structure FBT. Each time the ball being dropped first visits a non-terminal node. It then keeps moving down, either follows the path of the left subtree, or follows the path of the right subtree, until it stops at one of the leaf nodes of FBT. To determine a ball‘s moving direction a flag is set up in every non-terminal node with two values, either false or true. Initially, all of the flags are false. When visiting a non-terminal node if the flag‘s current value at this node is false, then the ball will first switch this flag‘s value, i.e., from the false to the true, and then follow the left subtree of this node to keep moving down. Otherwise, it will also switch this flag‘s value, i.e., from the true to the false, but will follow the right subtree of this node to keep moving down. Furthermore, all nodes of FBT are sequentially numbered, starting at 1 with nodes on depth 1, and then those on depth 2, and so on. Nodes on any depth are numbered from left to right.

For example, Fig. 1 represents a fully binary tree of maximum depth 4 with the node numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., 15. Since all of the flags are initially set to be false, the first ball being dropped will switch flag‘s values at node 1, node 2, and node 4 before it finally stops at position 8. The second ball being dropped will switch flag‘s values at node 1, node 3, and node 6, and stop at position 12. Obviously, the third ball being dropped will switch flag‘s values at node 1, node 2, and node 5 before it stops at position 10.
Fig. 1: An example of FBT with the maximum depth 4 and sequential node numbers.

Now consider a number of test cases where two values will be given for each test. The first value is D, the maximum depth of FBT, and the second one is I, the Ith ball being dropped. You may assume the value of I will not exceed the total number of leaf nodes for the given FBT.

Please write a program to determine the stop position P for each test case.

For each test cases the range of two parameters D and I is as below: 

\begin{displaymath}2 \le D \le 20, \mbox{ and } 1 \le I \le 524288.
\end{displaymath}

Input 

Contains l+2 lines.

Line 1 I the number of test cases 
Line 2 $D_1 \ I_1$
test case #1, two decimal numbers that are separatedby one blank 
...  
Line k+1 $D_k \ I_k$
test case #k 
Line l+1 $D_l \ I_l$
test case #l 
Line l+2 -1 a constant -1 representing the end of the input file

Output 

Contains l lines.

Line 1 the stop position P for the test case #1 
...  
Line k the stop position P for the test case #k 
...  

Line l the stop position P for the test case #l

Sample Input 

5
4 2
3 4
10 1
2 2
8 128

-1

Sample Output 

12
7
512
3
255

Miguel Revilla 

2000-08-14

題目大意：給一顆深度為D的完全二叉樹，節點編號從上到下從左至右為1,2,3,4……

在結點1上方一個小球，小球落到一個結點上就會改變該點的開關。若該點開，則向

左走，否則向右走，給你I個小球，問最後一個小球最後所能落到的葉子編號。

思路：每一個結點上第奇數個小球都落在左子樹上，第偶數個小球都落在右子樹上。

直接對最後一個小球判斷就可以了。若I為該結點奇數，它是向左走的第(I+1)/2個小球。

若為偶數，則是向右走的I/2個小球。

#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>int main(){    int D,I,N;    while(~scanf("%d",&N) && N!=-1)    {        while(N--)        {            int k = 1;            scanf("%d%d",&D,&I);            for(int i = 1; i < D; i++)            {                if(I&1)                {                    k <<= 1;                    I = (I+1)>>1;                }                else                {                    k = (k<<1|1);                    I >>= 1;                }            }            printf("%d\n",k);        }    }    return 0;}

UVA679 Dropping Balls【二叉樹結點編號】