VIM命令集

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Command Action Notes
vim file +54 open file and go to line 54 any : command can be run using + on command line
vim -O file1 file2 open file1 and file2 side by side  
Insert enter insert mode so you can start typing. Alternatively one can use i ora.
Esc leave insert mode so you can issue commands. Note in VIM the cursor keys & {Home, End, Page{up,down}} and Delete and Backspace work as expected in any mode, so you don‘t need to go back to command mode nearly as much as the origonal vi. Note even Ctrl+{left,right} jumps words like most other editors. Note also Ctrl+[ and Ctrl+c are equivalent to Esc and may be easier to type. Also Ctrl+o in insert mode will switch to normal mode for one command only and automatically switch back.
:command runs named command  
:help word shows help on word Typing Ctrl+d after word shows all entries containing word
:echo &word shows value of word  
windows
:e set buffer for current window you can optionally specify a new file or existing buffer number (#3 for e.g.). Note if you specify a directory a file browser is started. E.g. :e . will start the browser in the current directory (which can be changed with the :cd command).
:sp new window above ditto
:vs new window to left ditto
:q close current window  
:qa close all windows add trailing ! to force
Ctrl+w {left,right,up,down} move to window  
Ctrl+w Ctrl+w toggle window focus  
Ctrl+w = autosize windows to new terminal size for e.g.
:ba new window for all buffers ":vert ba" tiles windows vertically
buffers
:ls list buffers  
gf open file under cursor  
:bd delete buffer and any associated windows
:w save file Note :up[date] only writes file if changes made, but it‘s more awkward to type
:sav filename save file as filename Note :w filename doesn‘t switch to new file. Subsequent edits/saves happen to existing file
undo/redo
u undo  
Ctrl+r redo  
. repeat  
navigation
gg Goto start of file  
G Goto end of file  
:54 Goto line 54  
80| Goto column 80  
Ctrl+g Show file info including your position in the file
ga Show character info g8 shows UTF8 encoding
Ctrl+e scroll up Ctrl+x needed first for insert mode
Ctrl+y scroll down Ctrl+x needed first for insert mode
zt scroll current line to top of window  
w Goto next word Note Ctrl+{right} in newer vims (which work also in insert mode)
b Goto previous word Note Ctrl+{left} in newer vims
[{ Goto previous { of current scope  
% Goto matching #if #else,{},(),[],/* */ must be one on line
zi toggle folds on/off  
bookmarks
m {a-z} mark position as {a-z} E.g. m a
‘ {a-z} move to position {a-z} E.g. ‘ a
‘ ‘ move to previous position  
‘0 open previous file handy after starting vim
selection/whitespace
v select visually use cursor keys, home, end etc.
Shift+v line select CTRL+v = column select
Delete cut selection  
"_x delete selection without updating the clipboard or yank buffer. I remap x to this in my .vimrc
y copy selection  
p paste (after cursor) P is paste before cursor
"Ay append selected lines to register a use lowercase a to initialise register
"ap paste contents of a  
gq reformat selection justifies text and is useful with :set textwidth=70 (80 is default)
= reindent selection very useful to fix indentation for c code
> indent section useful with Shift+v%
< unindent section remember . to repeat and u to undo
:set list! toggle visible whitespace See also listchars in my .vimrc
clipboard shortcuts
dd cut current line  
yy copy current line  
D cut to end of line  
y$ copy to end of line  
search/replace
/regexp searches forwards for regexp ? reverses direction
n repeat previous search N reverses direction
* searches forward for word under cursor # reverses direction
:%s/1/2/gc search for regexp 1 and replace with 2 in file c = confirm change
:s/1/2/g search for regexp 1 and replace with 2 in (visual) selection  
programming
K lookup word under cursor in man pages 2K means lookup in section 2
:make run make in current directory  
Ctrl+] jump to tag Ctrl+t to jump back levels. I map these to Alt+?? in my .vimrc
vim -t name Start editing where name is defined  
Ctrl+{n,p} scroll forward,back through autocompletions for word before cursor uses words in current file (and included files) by default. You can change to a dictionary for e.g: set complete=k/usr/share/dicts/words Note only works in insert mode
Ctrl+x Ctrl+o scroll through language specific completions for text before cursor "Intellisense" for vim (7 & later). :help compl-omni for more info. Useful for python, css, javascript, ctags, ... Note only works in insert mode
external filters
:%!filter put whole file through filter  
:!filter put (visual) selection through filter  
:,!command replace current line with command output  
map <f9> :w<CR>:!python %<CR> run current file with external program  


(來源:http://www.pixelbeat.org/vim.tips.html

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