VIM命令集

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Command	Action	Notes
vim file +54	open file and go to line 54	any : command can be run using + on command line
vim -O file1 file2	open file1 and file2 side by side
Insert	enter insert mode	so you can start typing. Alternatively one can use i ora.
Esc	leave insert mode	so you can issue commands. Note in VIM the cursor keys & {Home, End, Page{up,down}} and Delete and Backspace work as expected in any mode, so you don‘t need to go back to command mode nearly as much as the origonal vi. Note even Ctrl+{left,right} jumps words like most other editors. Note also Ctrl+[ and Ctrl+c are equivalent to Esc and may be easier to type. Also Ctrl+o in insert mode will switch to normal mode for one command only and automatically switch back.
:command	runs named command
:help word	shows help on word	Typing Ctrl+d after word shows all entries containing word
:echo &word	shows value of word
windows
:e	set buffer for current window	you can optionally specify a new file or existing buffer number (#3 for e.g.). Note if you specify a directory a file browser is started. E.g. :e . will start the browser in the current directory (which can be changed with the :cd command).
:sp	new window above	ditto
:vs	new window to left	ditto
:q	close current window
:qa	close all windows	add trailing ! to force
Ctrl+w {left,right,up,down}	move to window
Ctrl+w Ctrl+w	toggle window focus
Ctrl+w =	autosize windows	to new terminal size for e.g.
:ba	new window for all buffers	":vert ba" tiles windows vertically
buffers
:ls	list buffers
gf	open file under cursor
:bd	delete buffer	and any associated windows
:w	save file	Note :up[date] only writes file if changes made, but it‘s more awkward to type
:sav filename	save file as filename	Note :w filename doesn‘t switch to new file. Subsequent edits/saves happen to existing file
undo/redo
u	undo
Ctrl+r	redo
.	repeat
navigation
gg	Goto start of file
G	Goto end of file
:54	Goto line 54
80|	Goto column 80
Ctrl+g	Show file info	including your position in the file
ga	Show character info	g8 shows UTF8 encoding
Ctrl+e	scroll up	Ctrl+x needed first for insert mode
Ctrl+y	scroll down	Ctrl+x needed first for insert mode
zt	scroll current line to top of window
w	Goto next word	Note Ctrl+{right} in newer vims (which work also in insert mode)
b	Goto previous word	Note Ctrl+{left} in newer vims
[{	Goto previous { of current scope
%	Goto matching #if #else,{},(),[],/* */	must be one on line
zi	toggle folds on/off
bookmarks
m {a-z}	mark position as {a-z}	E.g. m a
‘ {a-z}	move to position {a-z}	E.g. ‘ a
‘ ‘	move to previous position
‘0	open previous file	handy after starting vim
selection/whitespace
v	select visually	use cursor keys, home, end etc.
Shift+v	line select	CTRL+v = column select
Delete	cut selection
"_x	delete selection	without updating the clipboard or yank buffer. I remap x to this in my .vimrc
y	copy selection
p	paste (after cursor)	P is paste before cursor
"Ay	append selected lines to register a	use lowercase a to initialise register
"ap	paste contents of a
gq	reformat selection	justifies text and is useful with :set textwidth=70 (80 is default)
=	reindent selection	very useful to fix indentation for c code
>	indent section	useful with Shift+v%
<	unindent section	remember . to repeat and u to undo
:set list!	toggle visible whitespace	See also listchars in my .vimrc
clipboard shortcuts
dd	cut current line
yy	copy current line
D	cut to end of line
y$	copy to end of line
search/replace
/regexp	searches forwards for regexp	? reverses direction
n	repeat previous search	N reverses direction
*	searches forward for word under cursor	# reverses direction
:%s/1/2/gc	search for regexp 1 and replace with 2 in file	c = confirm change
:s/1/2/g	search for regexp 1 and replace with 2 in (visual) selection
programming
K	lookup word under cursor in man pages	2K means lookup in section 2
:make	run make in current directory
Ctrl+]	jump to tag	Ctrl+t to jump back levels. I map these to Alt+?? in my .vimrc
vim -t name	Start editing where name is defined
Ctrl+{n,p}	scroll forward,back through autocompletions for word before cursor	uses words in current file (and included files) by default. You can change to a dictionary for e.g: set complete=k/usr/share/dicts/words Note only works in insert mode
Ctrl+x Ctrl+o	scroll through language specific completions for text before cursor	"Intellisense" for vim (7 & later). :help compl-omni for more info. Useful for python, css, javascript, ctags, ... Note only works in insert mode
external filters
:%!filter	put whole file through filter
:!filter	put (visual) selection through filter
:,!command	replace current line with command output
map <f9> :w<CR>:!python %<CR>	run current file with external program

（來源：http://www.pixelbeat.org/vim.tips.html
）