Book notes on the mystery of the human brain

Chapter 1

1. the forehead cortex seems to have nothing to do with basic survival functions such as breathing and body temperature adjustment or coordination with any sensory processing or movement, but with the most complex aspect of our mind, that is, the nature of our personality is related to how we respond to the external world as an individual.

2. Patients with impaired frontal lobe often stick to stereotypes and lack the ability to innovate when dealing with specific problems. They cannot adjust or change behaviors based on changes in the external environment, but persistently indulge in old experiences.

3. the Impairment Caused by the cerebral cortex injury does not only affect memory. Another consequence of this injury is the spontaneous language behavior of the three cities: these patients tend to be reluctant to accept information and leave the population alone.

4. People interpret schizophreniaMismatch between incoming information and internal standards, rules, or expectations.

5. patients with Schizophrenia and impaired forehead have the same problem. They cannot properly classify sensory inputs or remember them in the correct chronological order, and these feelings just overlay and govern them.

6. There was a black area at the core of the middle brain, which was later named as the Black Mass ). The reason for the black content is that the cells in this area contain melanin. Melanin is the final product of dopamine, an important chemical in the brain, after a series of chemical reactions. It has been confirmed that normal production of dopamine is produced in the Niya bucket.

Similarly, people already know that if we compare the normal brain with the brain of Parkinson's patients, we will find that the latter's brain is much pale, because the cells containing melanin are dead. One serious consequence of cell death is that this part no longer produces dopamine. If Parkinson's patients take a tablet containing the dopamine precursor, their movements can be significantly improved.

7. A brain area (middle temporal lobe) of Alzheimer's Disease gradually decreases over time, and its width is only average for healthy volunteers of the same age.

8. The brain is the most greedy for fuel consumption in all body organs. During quiet hours, the brain consumes oxygen and glucose at a rate of 10 times that of all other body tissues.

9. In fact, different brain areas are combined in some way to play a role in different functions.

Chapter 2

1. In general,For animals that are moving around, there is an interaction with the ever-changing environment.So you need a device to quickly tell yourself what is going on.

2. How are various sports achieved? As a signal passes down the spinal line of the brain, the corresponding muscles contract. Nerve signals that control all different muscles are sent out of the spinal cords in sequence by muscle position in the body.

3. Unlike other downlink spinal pathways used for muscle contraction, signals to stimulate and control the movements of fingers are not derived from the brain stem at the top of the spinal cord, but from the highest area of the brain-the stripe area of the cortex.

4. people may imagine that this assignment would correspond to the size of the body-related parts, that is, a small area like a hand would be controlled by tiny motorcortex areas, and a large area like a back, the largest share of the cortex will be used to control its movements. But this is not the case.

The key to allocation is the precision of the part of the body to be exercised. The finer the movements, the larger the brain area that controls them. In this way, the area of the control hand and mouth is much larger than that of the area controlling the upper extremity and back in the motor cortex.

(P19)