Fast query of Linux commands
Monday, 2. January 2006, 09:28:48
FreeBSD, Linux, Shell
1. Start, shut down, log on, and log out commands
<Login> log on
<Logout> log out
<Exit> logout
<Shutdown> stop the system
<Halt> stop the system
<Reboot> restart
<Poweroff> power off
<Sync> write the content in the memory to the disk
<Lilo> install lilo to start the hypervisor.
<Grub> install lilo to start the hypervisor.
2. shell commands
<CHSH> switch Shell
<History> display command resume
<Alias> set command alias
<Unalias> cancel command alias
<Which> display the command location
<Type> query command types
<Echo> display string or variable content
<Set> set/Display Shell Variables
<Printenv> display environment variables
<Export> set Environment Variables
<Env> set temporary environment variables
<Unset> release Environment Variables
<Setenv> set Environment Variables
<Unsetenv> release Environment Variables
<Source> commands in the execution File
<Man> query command Manual
<Info> query hypertext command Manual
<Whatis> display command Introduction
<Apropos> keyword query manual
3. User management commands
<Su> switch to another user
<Useradd> append user
<Adduser> append user
<Userdel> delete a user
<Usermod> modify user settings
<Chfn> modify user private information
<Groupadd> append Group
<Groupdel> delete a group
<Groupmod> modify group settings
<Passwd> Change Password
<Whoami> Display User Name
<LOGNAME> the logon user account is displayed.
<Users> display information of all logon users
<Who> query logon user information
<W> query logon user information
<ID> display the ID of a specified user
<Groups> displays the group to which the specified user belongs.
<Finger> displays the personal information of a specified user.
<Mesg> switch to send and receive messages from others
<Write> send messages to other users
<Wall> send messages to all users
<Talk> chat with other users
4. system message-related commands
<Date> display/set the current time
<Uptime> displays the system running time.
<Arch> display the machine's core architecture (for example, i386)
<Uname> display operating system information
<Tty> display terminal name
<Last> display logon/logout in resume
<Lastb> illegal logon information is displayed.
<Dumpkeys> displays the current keyboard Configuration
<Loadkeys> modify keyboard Configuration
<DF> query disk usage information
<Du> query disk usage information
<Dmesg> displays the system startup message.
<SCRIPT> Save input and output to a file
V. File Operation commands
<Ls> display the file list
<Tree> display directory tree
<PWD> display current path
<Cd> change the current path
<Pushd> append path to directory Stack
<Popd> delete a path from the directory Stack
<Dirs> displays the contents of the Directory stack.
<Mkdir> create a path
<Rmdir> Delete path
<CP> copy a file/directory
<Rm> delete a file/directory
<Mv> move the file/directory and modify the file name.
<Chown> change the owner of the file/directory
<Chgrp> modify all groups of files/Directories
<Chmod> Modify file/directory permissions
<Touch> change file time
<Ln> create a file/directory Link
<Find> Search for files
<Whereis> display the path name of the file
<File> Query file types
<Size> Query file size
6. File editing commands
<Cat> display file content
<Tee> output to files and screens
<More> split-screen display of File Content
<Less> split-screen display of File Content
<Head> display file header content
<Tail> display the content at the end of the file
<Fold> fold and show long lines
<Sort> arrange the row of a file
<CMP> Compare file content
<Diff> display file differences
<NKF> change the Japanese file encoding
<DD> copy the modified File
<WC> count text words and file size
<Split> split files
<Paste> connect a file in a row
<Join> connect files with Fields
<Grep> query text
<Uniq> filter duplicate parts to display file content
<Tr> Replace text
<Sed> Replace text
VII. Compression/Decompression commands
<Ar> compressed/decompressed files
<Tar> compressed/decompressed files
<Compress> compressed/decompressed files
<Uncompress> extract
<Gzip> compressed/decompressed files
<Gunzip> extract
<Zcat> display compressed file content
<LHA> compressed/decompressed files
<Uuencode> encodes a binary file into a text file.
<Uudecode> restores the encoded text file to a binary file.
8. MS-DOS toolset [mtools] command
<Mdir> display the file list
<MCD> change the current directory
<MMD> create a directory
<MRD> delete a directory
<Mdeltree> delete a directory tree
<Mcopy> copy an object
<Mdel> delete an object
<Mmove> move a file
<Mren> change the file or directory name
<Mattrib> Modify file attributes
<Mtype> display file content
<Mdu> query the file or directory size
<Minfo> display disk Information
<Mformat> Format the disk as a MS-DOS
<Mlabel> set disk labels
9. commands for controlling external devices
<Mount> mount the device
<Umount> remove the mounted device
<Eject> pop-up (CD/DVD, etc)
<Fdformat> Format a floppy disk
<Fdisk> Configure/display Hard Disk Partitions
<Mkfs> Format Disk Partitions
<Fsck> check/fix disk errors
<LPR> Print to printer
<Lprm> interrupt the print task
<Lpq> display the status of the print task
<LPC> Manage/control print tasks
<Ifconfig> display/set Nic Configuration
10. Process and task management commands
<PS> displays running processes.
<Jobs> displays Tasks running in the background.
<FG> switch the task to the foreground
<Bg> switch the task to the background
<Kill> stop a process or task
<Killall> abort a process or task
<Wait> wait until the process or task ends.
<At> set scheduled task execution
<ATQ> displays unexecuted tasks.
<Atrm> delete a scheduled task
<Batch> execute the task when the system load is reduced
<Nice> change priority and execute tasks
<Nohup> execute tasks in the background and do not exit after logout.
<Sleep> sleep for a certain period of time
11. network management commands
<Netstat> displays the current network connection status.
<Route> display/set routes
<Host> displays network host information
<Hostname> display/set the name of the current host
<Ping> confirm the connection with the remote machine.
<Traceroute> display route information
<Rwho> query login users of online machines
<Ruptime> query the system running time of online machines
<Rlogin> log on to a remote machine
<Telnet> use Telnet to log on to a remote machine.
<RSH> send commands to remote machines
<RCP> copy files between remote machines
<Mail> receive emails
<Sendmail> send email
<Mailq> confirm the mail queue
<Ftp> use ftp to transfer files
11. Other commands
<Cal> display calendar
<Clear> clear screen
<GCC> compile C code
<As> assembly
<BC> computing
<RPM> RedHat package management
<Dpkg> Debian package management
<Installpkg> install the slackware package (the DELETE command is removepkg)
<Xf86setup, turboxfg, xconfigurator> Configure the X server
<Startx> Start the X-Window System
Appendix: Combined commands
Redirection, such
$ LS-L/bin> ls-Output
$ More ls-Output
Pipeline commands, such
$ Cat file1 file2 | sort | uniq
Commands frequently used in pipelines
Awk, fold, grep, Head, nnkf, PR, sed, sort, tail, Tee, TR, uniq, WC
Reprinted from: http://my.opera.com/jlake/blog/show.dml/100472
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