Motherboard related Technical terminology explanation little knowledge _ hardware Maintenance

The acpi:advanced Configuration and Power Interface, which is the Advanced Configuration and Management interface.
This interface standard enables the operating system to perform the function of controlling power and system configuration for the first time. With the ACPI standard, system manufacturers will be able to launch a system product that is consistent with the latest PC original OnNow design.

Bios:basic Input-output System
The basic input and output system of PC is a ROM chip integrated on the motherboard, which holds the most important basic input/output program of PC system, the System Information Setup program, the power-on power self-test procedure and the System bootstrap bootstrap program. The BIOS ROM chip can be seen on the motherboard. A motherboard performance is superior or not, whether stable operation, compatibility is good and so on key issues, largely depends on the board's BIOS management function is advanced.

Cmos
The original meaning is the complementary metal oxide semiconductor--a large-scale application in the fabrication of integrated circuit chip manufacturing process. A readable and writable RAM chip that is embodied in the motherboard of a microcomputer to hold the hardware configuration of the current system and the user's settings for some parameters.

Indicates that the CMOS can be powered by the motherboard's battery, and the information will not be lost even if the system loses power. CMOS RAM itself is only a piece of memory, only the system parameters set data saving function, and the parameters of the CMOS settings to pass a special program, that is, the BIOS. Early CMOS setup programs are stored on floppy disks (such as IBM's PC/AT model) and are inconvenient to use. Now most manufacturers will be CMOS Setup program to do the BIOS chip, in the boot through a specific button can enter the CMOS Setup program easy to set up the system, so the CMOS settings are also called BIOS settings.

Dma:direct Memory access, which means "direct storage access."

This means that it refers to a high-speed data transmission operation that allows direct read and write data between external devices and memory, neither through the CPU nor CPU intervention. The entire data transfer operation is performed under a control called a "DMA controller". The CPU can do other work in the process of transferring, in addition to doing some processing at the beginning and end of data transmission. In this way, for most of the time, the CPU and the input and output are in parallel operation. 　　Therefore, the efficiency of the whole computer system is greatly improved. Flash ROM: Flash memory, essentially belongs to eeprom-Erasable read-only memory .

Description of the usual Flash ROM and eprom are forbidden to write, when necessary, add a higher voltage can be written or erased. Therefore, its maintenance and upgrades are very convenient. The BIOS upgrade is typically provided by the motherboard manufacturer, or it can be downloaded to the Internet network. In order to prevent user misoperation removed the contents of the flash BIOS resulting in system paralysis, the general motherboard manufacturers in the flash BIOS solidified a small startup program (boot block) for emergency case to take over the system to start.

Isa:industry Standard Architecture

Description is the bus standard developed by IBM for its pc/at computer, also known as the at standard. is a 16-bit architecture that supports only 16-bit I/O devices. Because of the shortcomings of low data transmission rate, lack of technical specification, multiprocessor system and no support for automatic configuration, it has long been a bottleneck to improve the system speed.

Pci:peripheral Component Interconnect

Description is the bus structure introduced by the SIG (Special interest Group). The group was launched in 1992 by Intel and HP, and was rebuilt in 1993 with the Alliance of Intel, COMPAQ, IBM, DEC, Apple and NCR. PCI bus has 132MB/S data transmission rate and strong load capacity, can be applied to a variety of hardware platforms, and compatible with the ISA bus.

Pnp:plug and play, Chinese meaning is "plug-n".

Description refers to the computer automatic identification system equipped with peripheral equipment, without human intervention, peripheral plug can be used. The current PNP computer can only do some of the automatic recognition of peripherals.